Volume 20, Issue 12

The traditional chest radiograph is still ubiquitous in clinical practice, and will likely remain so for quite some time. Yet, its interpretation is notoriously difficult. This explains the continued interest in computer-aided diagnosis for chest radiography. The purpose of this survey is to categorize and briefly review the literature on computer analysis of chest images, which comprises over 150 papers published in the last 30 years. Remaining challenges are indicated and some directions for future research are given.

传统的胸部X线照片在临床实践中仍然无处不在，并且很可能在相当长的一段时间内保持这种状态。然而，其解读是出了名的困难。这解释了对计算机辅助诊断在胸部X线摄影中持续的兴趣。本综述的目的是对关于胸部图像计算机分析的文献进行分类和简要回顾，这包括过去30年发表的150多篇论文。指出了剩余的挑战，并给出了一些未来研究的方向。

We have developed a three-dimensional (3-D) computer-aided diagnosis scheme for automated detection of colonic polyps in computed tomography (CT) colonographic data sets, and assessed its performance based on colonoscopy as the gold standard. In this scheme, a thick region encompassing the entire colonic wall is extracted from an isotropic volume reconstructed from the CT images in CT colonography...

我们开发了一种用于在计算机断层扫描(CT)结肠成像数据集中自动检测结肠息肉的三维计算机辅助诊断方案，并以结肠镜检查作为金标准评估了其性能。在该方案中，从CT结肠成像的CT图像重建的各向同性体积中提取包含整个结肠壁的厚区域...

We present a new algorithm for the nonrigid registration of three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) intraoperative image sequences showing brain shift. The algorithm tracks key surfaces of objects (cortical surface and the lateral ventricles) in the image sequence using a deformable surface matching algorithm. The volumetric deformation field of the objects is then inferred from the displacement...

我们提出了一种新算法，用于非刚性配准显示脑移位三维磁共振（MR）术中图像序列。该算法使用可变形表面匹配算法跟踪图像序列中物体的关键表面（皮质表面和侧脑室）。然后从位移推断物体的体积变形场...

In this paper, the problem of retrospective correction of intensity inhomogeneity in magnetic resonance (MR) images is addressed. A novel model-based correction method is proposed, based on the assumption that an image corrupted by intensity inhomogeneity contains more information than the corresponding uncorrupted image. The image degradation process is described by a linear model, consisting of ...

本文针对磁共振（MR）图像中强度不均匀性的回顾性校正问题进行了研究。提出了一种新颖的基于模型的校正方法，其假设是：受强度不均匀性影响的图像比相应的未受影响图像包含更多信息。图像退化过程由一个线性模型描述，该模型包括……

We propose a method for the detection of masses in mammographic images that employs Gaussian smoothing and subsampling operations as preprocessing steps. The mass portions are segmented by establishing intensity links from the central portions of masses into the surrounding areas. We introduce methods for analyzing oriented flow-like textural information in mammograms. Features based on flow orien...

我们提出了一种在乳腺X线摄影图像中检测肿块的方法，该方法采用高斯平滑和下采样操作作为预处理步骤。通过建立从肿块中心区域到周围区域的强度链接，对肿块部分进行分割。我们引入了分析乳腺X线摄影图像中定向流状纹理信息的方法。基于流方向的...

The purpose of this work is to develop patient-specific models for automatically detecting lung nodules in computed tomography (CT) images. It is motivated by significant developments in CT scanner technology and the burden that lung cancer screening and surveillance imposes on radiologists. We propose a new method that uses a patient's baseline image data to assist in the segmentation of subseque...

本工作的目的是开发患者特定的模型，用于在计算机断层扫描（CT）图像中自动检测肺结节。其动机源于CT扫描仪技术的重大发展以及肺癌筛查和监测给放射科医生带来的负担。我们提出了一种新方法，利用患者的基线图像数据来辅助分割后续图像中的肺结节。

Mass segmentation is used as the first step in many computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for classification of breast masses as malignant or benign. The goal of this paper was to study the accuracy of an automated mass segmentation method developed in our laboratory, and to investigate the effect of the segmentation stage on the overall classification accuracy. The automated segmentation method ...

在许多用于将乳腺肿块分类为恶性或良性的计算机辅助诊断（CAD）系统中，肿块分割是第一步。本文的目标是研究我们实验室开发的自动肿块分割方法的准确性，并探讨分割阶段对整体分类准确性的影响。自动分割方法...

Adenomatous polyps in the colon are believed to be the precursor to colorectal carcinoma, the second leading cause of cancer deaths in United States. In this paper, we propose a new method for computer-aided detection of polyps in computed tomography (CT) colonography (virtual colonoscopy), a technique in which polyps are imaged along the wall of the air-inflated, cleansed colon with X-ray CT. Ini...

结肠中的腺瘤性息肉被认为是结直肠癌（美国癌症死亡的第二大原因）的前兆。本文提出了一种新的计算机断层扫描（CT）结肠成像（虚拟结肠镜）中息肉检测方法，该技术通过X射线CT对充气并清洁后的结肠壁进行成像。初...

We present for the first time a full three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of absorption images of breast from continuous-wave (cw) measurements performed on a premenopausal woman. Our 3-D optical images clearly reveal a large primary tumor as well as a small secondary tumor in a separate location of the breast. The multiple tumors identified by our 3-D optical imaging have been confirmed by the ...

我们首次展示了在一位绝经前女性身上进行的连续波（CW）测量所得到的乳腺吸收图像的全三维（3D）重建。我们的3D光学图像清晰地揭示了乳腺内一个大的原发肿瘤以及另一个位置的一个小的继发肿瘤。我们的3D光学成像识别出的多个肿瘤已通过...得到证实。

Three-dimensional (3-D) angiographic methods are gaining acceptance for evaluation of atherosclerotic disease. However, measurement of vessel stenosis from 3-D angiographic methods can be problematic due to limited image resolution and contrast. We present a method for reconstructing vessel surfaces from 3-D angiographic methods that allows for objective measurement of vessel stenosis. The method ...

三维血管造影方法在评估动脉粥样硬化疾病方面正逐渐被接受。然而，由于图像分辨率和对比度的限制，从三维血管造影方法测量血管狭窄可能存在困难。我们提出了一种从三维血管造影方法重建血管表面的方法，该方法允许客观测量血管狭窄。该方法...

Segmentation of bright blobs in an image is an important problem in computer vision and particularly in biomedical imaging. In retinal angiography, segmentation of drusen, a yellowish deposit located on the retina, is a serious challenge in proper diagnosis and prevention of further complications. Drusen extraction using classic segmentation methods does not lead to good results. We present a new ...

图像中明亮斑点的分割是计算机视觉中的一个重要问题，特别是在生物医学成像中。在视网膜血管造影中，分割玻璃膜疣（位于视网膜上的淡黄色沉积物）是正确诊断和预防进一步并发症的严重挑战。使用经典分割方法提取玻璃膜疣效果不佳。我们提出了一种新的...

Purpose: To investigate the potential usefulness of special view mammograms in the computer-aided diagnosis of mammographic breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Previously, we developed a computerized method for the classification of mammographic mass lesions on standard-view mammograms, i.e., mediolateral oblique (MLO) view and/or cranial caudal (CC) views. In this study, we evaluate the perfor...

目的：探讨特殊视图乳腺X线片在乳腺病变计算机辅助诊断中的潜在效用。材料与方法：先前，我们开发了一种计算机方法，用于在标准视图乳腺X线片（即内外斜位（MLO）和头尾位（CC））上对乳腺肿块病变进行分类。在本研究中，我们评估了...

A new method for coronary artery tracking in biplane digital subtraction is presented. The dynamic tracking of nonrigid objects from two views is achieved using a generalization of parametrically deformable models. Three-dimensional (3-D) Fourier descriptors used for shape representation are obtained from the two-dimensional (2-D) descriptors of the projections. A new constraint inferred from epip...

提出了一种在双平面数字减影中进行冠状动脉追踪的新方法。通过参数可变形模型的推广，实现了从两个视角对非刚性物体的动态追踪。用于形状表示的三维傅里叶描述符是从投影的二维描述符中获得的。从外极线推断出的新约束...

A highly automated method for the identification and quantization of maximum blood velocity curves from Doppler ultrasound flow diagrams is presented. The method uses an image processing scheme to analyze video-recorded image sequences of flow diagrams. The sequences are acquired, a sequence of images relating to chronological cardiac cycles is extracted, and a maximum blood velocity envelope is d...

提出了一种高度自动化的方法，用于从多普勒超声血流图中识别和量化最大血流速度曲线。该方法采用图像处理方案分析视频记录的流图图像序列。获取序列后，提取与时间心搏周期相关的图像序列，并确定最大血流速度包络...

Techniques of three-dimensional (3-D) volume delineation from tomographic medical imaging are usually based on 2-D contour definition. For a given structure, several different contours can be obtained depending on the segmentation method used or the user's choice. The goal of this work is to develop a new method that reduces the inaccuracies generally observed. A minimum volume that is certain to ...

三维（3-D）体积勾画技术通常基于二维轮廓定义。对于给定结构，根据所使用的分割方法或用户的选择，可以获得几个不同的轮廓。这项工作的目标是开发一种新方法，以减少通常观察到的误差。一个确定的最小体积...

Recently, we have been developing several automated algorithms for detecting masses on mammograms. For our algorithm, we devised an adaptive thresholding technique for detecting masses, but our system failed to detect masses with a partial loss of region that were located on the edge of the film. This is a common issue in all of the algorithms developed so far by other groups. In order to deal wit...

最近，我们一直在开发几种自动检测乳腺摄影肿块的算法。对于我们的算法，我们设计了一种自适应阈值技术来检测肿块，但我们的系统未能检测到位于胶片边缘的部分区域缺失的肿块。这是其他小组迄今为止开发的所有算法中常见的问题。为了处理...

The relatively low specificity of dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MR) imaging of breast cancer has lead several groups to investigate different approaches to data acquisition, one of them being the use of rapid T2*-weighted imaging. Analyses of such data are difficult due to susceptibility artifacts and breathing motion. One-hundred-twenty-seven patients with brea...

动态对比增强T1加权磁共振成像（MRI）对乳腺癌的特异性相对较低，这促使多个研究团队探索不同的数据采集方法，其中之一是使用快速T2*加权成像。由于磁敏感性伪影和呼吸运动，此类数据的分析较为困难。127例乳腺癌患者...

This paper describes a multimodality framework for computer-aided myocardial viability assessment based on neurofuzzy techniques. The proposed approach distinguishes two main levels: the modality-independent inference level and the modality-dependent application level. This two-level distinction releases the hard constraint of multimodality image registration. An abstract description template is u...

本文描述了一种基于神经模糊技术的计算机辅助心肌活力评估的多模态框架。所提出的方法区分了两个主要层次：模态无关的推理层次和模态相关的应用层次。这种两层区分解除了多模态图像配准的硬约束。一个抽象描述模板正在...

This paper presents a technique for automating human scoliosis detection by computer based on moire topographic images of human backs. Scollosis is a serious disease often suffered by teenagers. For prevention, screening is performed at schools in Japan employing a moire method in which doctors inspect moire images of subjects' backs visually. The inspection of a large number of moire images colle...

本文介绍了一种基于人体背部云纹地形图进行计算机自动脊柱侧弯检测的技术。脊柱侧弯是一种常发生于青少年的严重疾病。为了预防，日本学校采用云纹法进行筛查，医生通过目视检查受检者背部的云纹图像。对大量云纹图像的检查...

Segmenting abnormal from normal myocardium using high-frequency intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) images presents new challenges for image processing. Gray-level intensity and texture features of ICE images of myocardium with the same structural/perfusion properties differ. This significant limitation conflicts with the fundamental assumption on which existing segmentation techniques are based. ...

使用高频心内超声（ICE）图像将异常心肌与正常心肌分割开，为图像处理带来了新的挑战。具有相同结构/灌注特性的心肌ICE图像的灰度强度和纹理特征存在差异。这一显著限制与现有分割技术所基于的基本假设相冲突。...

This paper describes a multistage perceptual quality assessment (MPQA) model for compressed images. The motivation for the development of a perceptual quality assessment is to measure (in)visible differences between original and processed images. The MPQA produces visible distortion maps and quantitative error measures informed by considerations of the human visual system (HVS). Original and decom...

本文描述了一种用于压缩图像的多阶段感知质量评估（MPQA）模型。开发感知质量评估的动机是测量原始图像和处理图像之间的（不）可见差异。MPQA生成可见失真图和考虑人类视觉系统（HVS）的量化的误差度量。原始和分解...

This index covers all technical items - papers, correspondence, reviews, etc. - that appeared in this periodical during the year, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in this year. Departments and other items may also be covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author's ...

本索引涵盖了本年度该期刊中出现的所有技术项目——论文、通信、评论等，以及往年在本年度被评论或更正的项目。如果部门和其它项目被认为具有存档价值，也可能被收录。作者索引包含每个项目的主要条目，列在第一作者名下……

This index covers all technical items - papers, correspondence, reviews, etc. - that appeared in this periodical during the year, and items from previous years that were commented upon or corrected in this year. Departments and other items may also be covered if they have been judged to have archival value. The Author Index contains the primary entry for each item, listed under the first author's ...

本索引涵盖了该期刊本年度内出现的所有技术文献——论文、通讯、评论等，以及往年中对本年度有评论或更正的内容。若部门及其他条目被认为具有存档价值，也可能被收录。作者索引包含每项条目的主要条目，列在第一作者名下……