Volume 24, Issue 7

The evolution of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for small animals has led to the development of dedicated PET scanner designs with high resolution and sensitivity. The animal PET scanner achieves these goals for imaging small animals such as mice and rats. The scanner uses a pixelated Anger-logic detector for discriminating 2 /spl times/ 2 /spl times/ 10 mm/sup 3/ crystals with 19-mm-diameter photomultiplier tubes. With a 19.7-cm ring diameter, the scanner has an axial length of 11.9 cm and operates exclusively in three-dimensional imaging mode, leading to very high sensitivity. Measurements show that the scanner design achieves a spatial resolution of 1.9 mm at the center of the field-of-view. Initially designed with gadolinium orthosilicate but changed to lutetium-yttrium orthosilicate, the scanner now achieves a sensitivity of 3.6% for a point source at the center of the field-of-view with an energy window of 250-665 keV. Iterative image reconstruction, together with accurate data corrections for scatter, random, and attenuation, are incorporated to achieve high-quality images and quantitative data. These results are demonstrated through our contrast recovery measurements as well as sample animal studies.

用于小动物的正电子发射断层扫描（PET）成像的发展，推动了具有高分辨率和高灵敏度的专用PET扫描仪设计。动物PET扫描仪实现了对小动物（如小鼠和大鼠）成像的目标。该扫描仪使用像素化Anger逻辑探测器，用于辨别2×2×10 mm³的晶体，并配有直径为19 mm的光电倍增管。扫描仪环直径为19.7 cm，轴向长度为11.9 cm，仅以三维成像模式运行，从而实现非常高的灵敏度。测量表明，该扫描仪设计在视野中心的空间分辨率为1.9 mm。最初设计采用硅酸钆闪烁晶体，后改为硅酸钇镥闪烁晶体，现在在能量窗为250-665 keV时，对视野中心的点源灵敏度达到3.6%。结合迭代图像重建以及准确的散射、随机和衰减数据校正，可获得高质量的图像和定量数据。这些结果通过我们的对比度恢复测量以及样本动物研究得到了验证。

Microscopy of fluorescent proteins has enabled unprecedented insights into visualizing gene expression in living systems. Imaging deeper into animals, however, has been limited due to the lack of accurate imaging methods for the visible. We present a novel system designed to perform tomographic imaging of fluorescent proteins through whole animals. The tomographic method employed a multiangle, mul...

荧光蛋白显微镜技术为观察活体系统中的基因表达提供了前所未有的洞察力。然而，由于缺乏对可见光的准确成像方法，对动物更深层的成像受到限制。我们提出了一种新系统，用于对整个动物进行荧光蛋白断层成像。该断层成像方法采用了多角度、多...

In this paper, we propose a new methodology for analysis of microarray images. First, a new gridding algorithm is proposed for determining the individual spots and their borders. Then, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) approach is presented for the analysis of the individual spot images. The main advantages of the proposed methodology are modeling flexibility and adaptability to the data, which are w...

本文提出了一种用于分析微阵列图像的新方法。首先，提出了一种新的网格算法来确定各个点及其边界。然后，提出了一种高斯混合模型（GMM）方法来分析单个点图像。该方法的主要优点是建模灵活性和对数据的适应性，这些优点体现在...

A compact, dedicated cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) gamma camera coupled with a fully three-dimensional (3-D) acquisition system may serve as a secondary diagnostic tool for volumetric molecular imaging of breast cancers, particularly in cases when mammographic findings are inconclusive. The developed emission mammotomography system comprises a medium field-of-view, quantized CZT detector and 3-D po...

一种紧凑型专用碲锌镉（CZT）伽马相机与全三维（3-D）采集系统相结合，可作为乳腺癌症体积分子成像的辅助诊断工具，特别是在乳腺X线摄影结果不确定的情况下。所开发的发射乳腺断层成像系统包括一个中等视场、量化的CZT探测器和三维位置...

Pinhole collimation yields high sensitivity when the distance from the object to the aperture is small, as in the case of imaging small animals. Fine-resolution images may be obtained when the magnification is large since this mitigates the effect of detector resolution. Large magnifications in pinhole single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may be obtained by using a collimator whose f...

当物体到小孔的距离较小时，如小动物成像，针孔准直器具有高灵敏度。当放大倍数较大时，可以获得高分辨率图像，因为这减轻了探测器分辨率的影响。在针孔单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）中，可以通过使用焦距较长的准直器来实现大放大倍数。

Micro positron emission tomography (PET) and micro single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), used for imaging small animals, have become essential tools in developing new pharmaceuticals and can be used, among other things, to test new therapeutic approaches in animal models of human disease, as well as to image gene expression. These imaging techniques can be used noninvasively in both ...

用于小动物成像的显微正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和显微单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）已成为开发新药的重要工具，可用于测试人类疾病动物模型中的新治疗方法，以及成像基因表达。这些成像技术可以无创地应用于……

The problem of identifying and counting rolling leukocytes within intravital microscopy is of both theoretical and practical interest. Currently, methods exist for tracking rolling leukocytes in vivo, but these methods rely on manual detection of the cells. In this paper we propose a technique for accurately detecting rolling leukocytes based on Bayesian classification. The classification depends ...

在活体显微镜中识别和计数滚动白细胞的问题具有理论和实践意义。目前，存在追踪体内滚动白细胞的方法，但这些方法依赖于手动检测细胞。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于贝叶斯分类准确检测滚动白细胞的技术。该分类依赖于...

High-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in small animals tends to use long imaging times and large injected doses due to the poor sensitivity of single pinhole gamma cameras. To increase sensitivity while maintaining spatial resolution, we designed and constructed a multi-pinhole collimator array to replace the parallel hole collimators of a Ceraspect human SPECT...

由于单针孔伽马相机的灵敏度较低，小动物高分辨率单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）成像往往需要较长的成像时间和较大的注射剂量。为了在保持空间分辨率的同时提高灵敏度，我们设计并构建了一个多针孔准直器阵列，以替代Ceraspect人体SPECT的平行孔准直器...

X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been traditionally used for morphologic analysis and in the recent past has been used for physiology imaging. This paper seeks to demonstrate functional CT as an effective tool for monitoring changes in tissue physiology associated with disease processes and cellular and molecular level therapeutic processes. We investigated the effect of noise and sampling time ...

X射线计算机断层扫描（CT）传统上用于形态学分析，近年来已用于生理学成像。本文旨在证明功能性CT作为监测与疾病过程以及细胞和分子水平治疗过程相关的组织生理变化的有效工具。我们研究了噪声和采样时间的影响...

In vivo fluorescence molecular imaging and tomography has facilitated monitoring of genomics and proteomics over time and on the same animal. A highly important issue, however, has been the robust registration of animals imaged at different time points to obtain accurate description of activity and location. This paper presents a method for aligning temporal data of small animals based on surface ...

体内荧光分子成像与断层扫描技术促进了对同一动物随时间变化的基因组学和蛋白质组学的监测。然而，一个非常重要的问题是将不同时间点成像的动物进行稳健配准，以获得对活动和位置的准确描述。本文提出了一种基于表面的小动物时间序列数据对齐方法...

Provides a listing of current staff, committee members and society officers.

提供当前工作人员、委员会成员和学会官员的列表。

Provides notice of upcoming conference events of interest to practitioners and researchers.

为从业者和研究人员提供即将召开的会议通知。

Provides notice of upcoming special issue(s) of interest to practitioners and researchers.

为从业者和研究人员提供即将出版的特刊通知

Provides instructions and guidelines to prospective authors who wish to submit manuscripts.

为希望提交稿件的新作者提供说明和指南。

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the periodical.

介绍本期刊物目录。

Provides notice of upcoming special issue(s) of interest to practitioners and researchers.

通知即将出版的对从业者和研究人员感兴趣的特刊。

This page or pages intentionally left blank.

此页或这些页有意留空。