Volume 25, Issue 4

Current computed tomography (CT) technology allows for near isotropic, submillimeter resolution acquisition of the complete chest in a single breath hold. These thin-slice chest scans have become indispensable in thoracic radiology, but have also substantially increased the data load for radiologists. Automating the analysis of such data is, therefore, a necessity and this has created a rapidly developing research area in medical imaging. This paper presents a review of the literature on computer analysis of the lungs in CT scans and addresses segmentation of various pulmonary structures, registration of chest scans, and applications aimed at detection, classification and quantification of chest abnormalities. In addition, research trends and challenges are identified and directions for future research are discussed.

当前的计算机断层扫描（CT）技术允许在单次屏气内获取接近各向同性、亚毫米分辨率的完整胸部图像。这些薄层胸部扫描在胸部放射学中变得不可或缺，但也大大增加了放射科医生的数据负担。因此，自动化分析此类数据成为必要，这催生了一个快速发展的医学影像研究领域。本文综述了CT扫描中肺部计算机分析的文献，涵盖了各种肺部结构的分割、胸部扫描的配准，以及旨在检测、分类和量化胸部异常的应用。此外，还指出了研究趋势和挑战，并讨论了未来的研究方向。

Volumetric growth assessment of pulmonary lesions is crucial to both lung cancer screening and oncological therapy monitoring. While several methods for small pulmonary nodules have previously been presented, the segmentation of larger tumors that appear frequently in oncological patients and are more likely to be complexly interconnected with lung morphology has not yet received much attention. W...

肺病变的体积增长评估对于肺癌筛查和肿瘤治疗监测都至关重要。虽然先前已有几种针对小结节的方法被提出，但针对肿瘤患者中频繁出现的较大肿瘤（这些肿瘤更可能与肺部形态复杂交织）的分割尚未得到足够关注。W...

When lung nodules overlap with ribs or clavicles in chest radiographs, it can be difficult for radiologists as well as computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) schemes to detect these nodules. In this paper, we developed an image-processing technique for suppressing the contrast of ribs and clavicles in chest radiographs by means of a multiresolution massive training artificial neural network (MTANN). An M...

当肺结节在胸部X光片中与肋骨或锁骨重叠时，放射科医生和计算机辅助诊断(CAD)方案都难以检测这些结节。本文提出了一种利用多分辨率大规模训练人工神经网络(MTANN)抑制胸部X光片中肋骨和锁骨对比度的图像处理技术。提出了一个M...

Our goal is to enhance the ability to differentiate normal lung from subtle pathologies via multidetector row CT (MDCT) by extending a two-dimensional (2-D) texturebased tissue classification [adaptive multiple feature method (AMFM)] to use three-dimensional (3-D) texture features. We performed MDCT on 34 humans and classified volumes of interest (VOIs) in the MDCT images into five categories: EC,...

我们的目标是通过将二维(2-D)纹理组织分类[自适应多特征方法(AMFM)]扩展到使用三维(3-D)纹理特征，增强通过多排探测器CT(MDCT)区分正常肺与细微病变的能力。我们对34名人类受试者进行了MDCT扫描，并将MDCT图像中的感兴趣区域(VOIs)分为五类：EC，...

The pulmonary nodule is the most common manifestation of lung cancer, the most deadly of all cancers. Most small pulmonary nodules are benign, however, and currently the growth rate of the nodule provides for one of the most accurate noninvasive methods of determining malignancy. In this paper, we present methods for measuring the change in nodule size from two computed tomography image scans reco...

肺结节是肺癌（所有癌症中最致命的一种）最常见的表现。然而，大多数小结节是良性的，而目前结节的生长率是判断恶性程度最准确的无创方法之一。在本文中，我们提出了通过两次计算机断层扫描图像扫描来测量结节大小变化的方法……

Motion is a source of degradation in positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) images. As the PET images represent the sum of information over the whole respiratory cycle, attenuation correction with the help of CT images may lead to false staging or quantification of the radioactive uptake especially in the case of small tumors. We present an approach avoiding these difficulties...

运动是正电子发射断层扫描（PET）/计算机断层扫描（CT）图像质量下降的一个来源。由于PET图像代表整个呼吸周期内信息的总和，借助CT图像进行衰减校正可能导致放射性摄取的错误分期或量化，尤其是在小肿瘤的情况下。我们提出了一种避免这些困难的方法...

Computed tomography (CT) has become the new reference standard for quantification of emphysema. The most popular measure of emphysema derived from CT is the pixel index (PI), which expresses the fraction of the lung volume with abnormally low intensity values. As PI is calculated from a single, fixed threshold on intensity, this measure is strongly influenced by noise. This effect shows up clearly...

计算机断层扫描（CT）已成为量化肺气肿的新参考标准。从CT得出的最常用的肺气肿测量指标是像素指数（PI），它表示具有异常低强度值的肺容积分数。由于PI是根据单个固定强度阈值计算的，因此该测量指标受噪声影响很大。这种效应清晰可见...

We propose a method for correcting the motion of the lungs between different phase images obtained by respiratory-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This method is applied to SPECT images that show a preserved activity distribution in the lungs such as 99m-Tc macro aggregated albumin (99m-Tc-MAA) perfusion images and 99m-Tc-Technegas ventilation images. In the proposed metho...

我们提出了一种方法用于校正通过呼吸门控单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）获得的不同相位图像之间的肺部运动。该方法应用于显示肺部活动分布保持的SPECT图像，例如99m-Tc大颗粒聚合白蛋白（99m-Tc-MAA）灌注图像和99m-Tc-Technegas通气图像。在所提出的方法中...

This paper presents an image-based method for virtual bronchoscope with photo-realistic rendering. The technique is based on recovering bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) parameters in an environment where the choice of viewing positions, directions, and illumination conditions are restricted. Video images of bronchoscopy examinations are combined with patient-specific three-di...

本文提出了一种基于图像的虚拟支气管镜方法，实现照片级真实感渲染。该技术基于在观察位置、方向和照明条件受限的环境中恢复双向反射分布函数（BRDF）参数。将支气管镜检查的视频图像与患者特定的三维...

This paper describes and demonstrates an electronic collimation method, referred to as the alternate line erasure and readout (ALER) technique, for implementing slot-scan digital radiography technique with an amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film transistor (TFT) array based flat-panel detector. An amorphus selenium (a-Se) flat-panel detector was modified to implement the ALER technique for slot-scan...

本文描述并展示了一种电子准直方法，称为交替行擦除和读出（ALER）技术，用于使用基于非晶硅（a-Si）薄膜晶体管（TFT）阵列的平板探测器实现槽式扫描数字放射摄影技术。对非晶硒（a-Se）平板探测器进行了修改，以实现用于槽式扫描的ALER技术……

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