Volume 25, Issue 8

This paper reviews ultrasound segmentation methods, in a broad sense, focusing on techniques developed for medical B-mode ultrasound images. First, we present a review of articles by clinical application to highlight the approaches that have been investigated and degree of validation that has been done in different clinical domains. Then, we present a classification of methodology in terms of use of prior information. We conclude by selecting ten papers which have presented original ideas that have demonstrated particular clinical usefulness or potential specific to the ultrasound segmentation problem

本文综述了超声分割方法，广义上侧重于医学B型超声图像技术。首先，我们通过临床应用回顾文章，突出已研究的方法和不同临床领域中的验证程度。然后，我们根据先验信息的使用对方法进行分类。最后，我们选出十篇提出了原创思想的论文，这些思想在超声分割问题上显示出特别的临床实用性或潜力。

White matter fiber bundles in the human brain can be located by tracing the local water diffusion in diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. In this paper, a novel Bayesian modeling approach for white matter tractography is presented. The uncertainty associated with estimated white matter fiber paths is investigated, and a method for calculating the probability of a connection ...

人类大脑中的白质纤维束可以通过追踪扩散加权磁共振成像（MRI）图像中的局部水扩散来定位。本文提出了一种新颖的贝叶斯建模方法用于白质纤维束成像。研究了与估计的白质纤维路径相关的不确定性，并提出了计算连接概率的方法...

In this paper, it is shown that vascular structures of the human retina represent geometrical multifractals, characterized by a hierarchy of exponents rather then a single fractal dimension. A number of retinal images from the STARE database are analyzed, corresponding to both normal and pathological states of the retina. In all studied cases, a clearly multifractal behavior is observed, where cap...

本文表明，人类视网膜的血管结构代表几何多重分形，其特征是一系列指数而非单一分形维数。分析了来自STARE数据库的多幅视网膜图像，涵盖了视网膜的正常和病理状态。在所有研究案例中，均观察到明显的多重分形行为，其中...

We formulate computed tomography (CT) sinogram preprocessing as a statistical restoration problem in which the goal is to obtain the best estimate of the line integrals needed for reconstruction from the set of noisy, degraded measurements. CT measurement data are degraded by a number of factors-including beam hardening and off-focal radiation-that produce artifacts in reconstructed images unless ...

我们将计算机断层扫描（CT）正弦图预处理问题表述为一个统计恢复问题，其目标是从一组噪声、退化的测量值中获取重建所需线积分的最佳估计。CT测量数据受到多种因素的影响——包括射束硬化和离焦辐射——这些因素会在重建图像中产生伪影，除非……

Previously, we have developed a decision model for three-class receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on decision theory. The proposed decision model maximizes the expected decision utility under the assumption that incorrect decisions have equal utilities under the same hypothesis (equal error utility assumption). This assumption reduced the dimensionality of the "general" three-c...

先前，我们基于决策理论开发了一种用于三分类接收者操作特征（ROC）分析的决策模型。所提出的决策模型在假设相同假设下错误决策具有相同效用（等错误效用假设）的条件下，最大化期望决策效用。该假设降低了“一般”三分类问题的维度...

This paper examines a novel approach for temporal calibration of a three-dimensional (3-D) freehand ultrasound system. A localization system fixed on the probe gives the position and orientation of the probe. For quantitative use, calibration is needed to correctly localize a B-scan in four-dimensional (4-D) (3-D+t) space. Temporal latency estimation is defined in a general robust formulation usin...

本文研究了一种新颖的三维（3-D）自由手超声系统的时间校准方法。固定在探头上的定位系统提供探头的位置和方向。为了定量使用，需要校准以正确地将B扫描定位在四维（4-D）（3-D+t）空间中。时间延迟估计用一种通用的鲁棒公式定义...

Eye movements provide important insight into the cognitive processes underlying the visual search tasks. For image understanding, although the visual search patterns of different observers while studying the same scene bear some common characteristics, the idiosyncrasy associated with individual observers provides both research opportunities and challenges. The aim of this paper is to study the sp...

眼动为理解视觉搜索任务背后的认知过程提供了重要见解。在图像理解中，尽管不同观察者在研究同一场景时的视觉搜索模式具有一些共同特征，但与个体观察者相关的特质既提供了研究机遇也带来了挑战。本文旨在研究标准化解剖空间中的视...

Reliable noninvasive estimators of global left ventricular (LV) chamber function remain unavailable. We have previously demonstrated a potential relationship between color-Doppler M-mode (CDMM) images and two basic indices of LV function: peak-systolic elastance (Emax ) and the time-constant of LV relaxation (tau). Thus, we hypothesized that these two indices could be estimated noninvasively by ad...

可靠的全球左心室（LV）腔功能无创评估指标仍然不可用。我们此前已经证明了彩色多普勒M型（CDMM）图像与两个基本左心室功能指标（峰值收缩弹性（Emax）和左心室松弛时间常数（tau））之间的潜在关系。因此，我们假设这两个指标可以通过...无创估计。

This paper reports on a method for left ventricle three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction from two orthogonal ventriculograms. The proposed algorithm is voxel-based and takes into account the conical projection geometry associated with the biplane image acquisition equipment. The reconstruction process starts with an initial ellipsoidal approximation derived from the input ventriculograms. This mod...

本文报道了一种利用两个正交心室造影图像进行左心室三维重建的方法。所提出的算法基于体素，并考虑了与双平面图像采集设备相关的锥形投影几何。重建过程从由输入心室造影导出的初始椭球近似开始。

Strategies for improvement of blood flow by promoting new vessel growth in ischemic tissue are being developed. Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) imaging has been used to assess tissue perfusion in models of ischemia-related angiogenesis, growth-factor mediated angiogenesis, and tumor angiogenesis. In these studies, microvascular flow is measured in order to assess the total impact of a...

目前正在开发通过促进缺血组织新生血管生长来改善血流的方法。近期，对比增强超声成像已被用于评估缺血相关血管生成、生长因子介导的血管生成和肿瘤血管生成模型中的组织灌注。在这些研究中，测量微血管血流以评估...的总影响。

We present a method for the analysis of basal ganglia (including the thalamus) for accurate detection of human spongiform encephalopathy in multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. One common feature of most forms of prion protein diseases is the appearance of hyperintensities in the deep grey matter area of the brain in T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. We employ T1,...

我们提出了一种分析基底节（包括丘脑）的方法，用于在脑多序列磁共振成像（MRI）中准确检测人类海绵状脑病。大多数形式的朊病毒蛋白疾病的一个共同特征是在T2加权磁共振（MR）图像中脑深部灰质区域出现高信号。我们采用T1，...

This paper presents a novel segmentation methodology for automated classification and differentiation of soft tissues using multiband data obtained with the newly developed system of high-resolution ultrasonic transmission tomography (HUTT) for imaging biological organs. This methodology extends and combines two existing approaches: the L-level set active contour (AC) segmentation approach and the...

本文提出了一种新颖的分割方法，利用新开发的高分辨率超声透射断层成像（HUTT）系统获取的多波段数据，对生物器官进行自动分类和软组织区分。该方法扩展并结合了两种现有方法：L级水平集活动轮廓（AC）分割方法和...

In electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a forward solver capable of predicting the voltages on electrodes for a given conductivity distribution is essential for reconstruction. The EIT forward solver is normally based on the conventional finite element method (FEM). One of the major problems of three-dimensional (3-D) EIT is its high demand in computing power and memory since high precision is r...

在电阻抗成像（EIT）中，能够针对给定的电导率分布预测电极上电压的正问题求解器对于图像重建至关重要。EIT正问题求解器通常基于传统的有限元方法（FEM）。三维（3-D）EIT的主要问题之一是对计算能力和内存的高要求，因为高精度是...

Provides a listing of publications staff, current committee members and society officers.

提供出版工作人员、现任委员会成员及学会官员列表。

Provides notice of upcoming special issues of interest to practitioners and researchers.

向从业者和研究人员提供有关即将出版的感兴趣的特刊的通知。

This page or pages intentionally left blank.

本页或这些页有意留为空白。

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the periodical.

介绍本期刊物的目录。

Provides notice of upcoming special issues of interest to practitioners and researchers.

为从业者和研究人员提供即将到来的特刊通知。

Provides instructions and guidelines to prospective authors who wish to submit manuscripts.

为有意投稿的作者提供说明和指南。

Provides notice of upcoming conference events of interest to practitioners and researchers.

为从业者和研究人员提供即将举行的会议活动通知。