Volume 27, Issue 5

We present a new method for automatic segmentation of heterogeneous image data that takes a step toward bridging the gap between bottom-up affinity-based segmentation methods and top-down generative model based approaches. The main contribution of the paper is a Bayesian formulation for incorporating soft model assignments into the calculation of affinities, which are conventionally model free. We integrate the resulting model-aware affinities into the multilevel segmentation by weighted aggregation algorithm, and apply the technique to the task of detecting and segmenting brain tumor and edema in multichannel magnetic resonance (MR) volumes. The computationally efficient method runs orders of magnitude faster than current state-of-the-art techniques giving comparable or improved results. Our quantitative results indicate the benefit of incorporating model-aware affinities into the segmentation process for the difficult case of glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor.

我们提出了一种新的异质图像数据自动分割方法，该方法旨在弥合基于底层的亲和度分割方法与基于顶层的生成模型方法之间的差距。本文的主要贡献在于提出了一种贝叶斯公式，将软模型分配纳入亲和度的计算中，而传统上亲和度是无模型的。我们将得到的模型感知亲和度集成到基于加权聚合算法的多级分割中，并将该技术应用于多通道磁共振（MR）体积中脑肿瘤和水肿的检测与分割任务。该计算方法高效，比当前最先进的技术快几个数量级，同时结果相当或更优。我们的定量结果表明，在分割过程中纳入模型感知亲和度对处理多形性胶质母细胞瘤脑肿瘤这一困难病例是有益的。

The use of biomechanical modelling, especially in conjunction with finite element analysis, has become common in many areas of medical image analysis and surgical simulation. Clinical employment of such techniques is hindered by conflicting requirements for high fidelity in the modelling approach, and fast solution speeds. We report the development of techniques for high-speed nonlinear finite ele...

生物力学建模的使用，特别是与有限元分析相结合，在医学图像分析和手术模拟的许多领域中已变得普遍。这些技术的临床应用受到建模方法高保真度和快速求解速度之间冲突要求的阻碍。我们报告了用于高速非线性有限元技术开发...

Early detection of breast cancer is one of the most important factors in determining prognosis for women with malignant tumors. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been shown to be the most sensitive modality for screening high-risk women. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have the potential to assist radiologists in the early detection of cancer. A key componen...

乳腺癌的早期检测是决定恶性肿瘤女性患者预后的最重要因素之一。动态对比增强磁共振成像（DCE-MRI）已被证明是筛查高危女性最敏感的成像方式。计算机辅助诊断（CAD）系统有潜力协助放射科医生进行癌症的早期检测。一个关键组...

The structural characteristics of a healthy tendon are related to the anisotropic speckle patterns observed in ultrasonic images. This speckle orientation is disrupted upon damage to the tendon structure as observed in patients with tendinopathy. Quantification of the structural appearance of tendon shows promise in creating a tool for diagnosing, prognosing, or measuring changes in tendon organiz...

健康肌腱的结构特征与超声图像中观察到的各向异性斑点模式有关。在肌腱病变患者中，这种斑点方向因肌腱结构损伤而被打乱。对肌腱结构外观的量化有望成为一种诊断、预测或测量肌腱组织变化的工具...

Multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization M-FISH is a recently developed chromosome imaging technique where each chromosome class appears to have a distinct color. This technique not only facilitates the detection of subtle chromosomal aberrations but also makes the analysis of chromosome images easier; both for human inspection and computerized analysis. In this paper, a novel method for segmen...

多重荧光原位杂交M-FISH是一种新近发展的染色体成像技术，其中每种染色体类别呈现不同的颜色。该技术不仅有助于检测细微的染色体异常，而且使染色体图像的分析更加容易，无论是人工检查还是计算机分析。本文提出了一种新的分割方法...

We present a new algorithm which merges discontinuities in 3-D images of tubular structures presenting undesirable gaps. The application of the proposed method is mainly associated to large 3-D images of microvascular networks. In order to recover the real network topology, we need to fill the gaps between the closest discontinuous vessels. The algorithm presented in this paper aims at achieving t...

我们提出了一种新算法，用于合并三维管状结构图像中存在不良间隙的不连续点。该方法的提出主要与大型微血管网络的三维图像相关。为了恢复真实的网络拓扑结构，我们需要填充最近的不连续血管之间的间隙。本文提出的算法旨在实现...

Communications between cells in large part drive tissue development and function, as well as disease-related processes such as tumorigenesis. Understanding the mechanistic bases of these processes necessitates quantifying specific molecules in adjacent cells or cell nuclei of intact tissue. However, a major restriction on such analyses is the lack of an efficient method that correctly segments eac...

细胞间的通讯在很大程度上驱动组织发育和功能，以及与疾病相关的过程，如肿瘤发生。理解这些过程的机制基础需要量化完整组织中相邻细胞或细胞核中的特定分子。然而，这类分析的一个主要限制是缺乏一种能够正确分割每个

In this paper, we propose a new method to construct graphical representations of cortical folding patterns by computing skeletons on triangulated cortical surfaces. In our approach, a cortical surface is first partitioned into sulcal and gyral regions via the solution of a variational problem using graph cuts, which can guarantee global optimality. After that, we extend the method of Hamilton–Jaco...

本文提出了一种新方法，通过计算三角化皮质表面上的骨架来构建皮质折叠模式的图形表示。在我们的方法中，首先使用图割方法通过变分问题的求解将皮质表面划分为脑沟和脑回区域，这能保证全局最优性。之后，我们扩展了Hamilton-Jacobi方法...

Previously, we have proposed a method for three-class receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on decision theory. In this method, the volume under a three-class ROC surface (VUS) serves as a figure-of-merit (FOM) and measures three-class task performance. The proposed three-class ROC analysis method was demonstrated to be optimal under decision theory according to several decision c...

先前，我们提出了一种基于决策理论的三分类接收者操作特征（ROC）分析方法。在该方法中，三分类ROC曲面下面积（VUS）作为性能指标（FOM），用于衡量三分类任务的性能。根据多个决策准则，所提出的三分类ROC分析方法在决策理论下被证明是最优的……

An analytic formula is derived for the sensitivity of collimators achieving transverse collimation with a slit and axial collimation with a slat assembly whose septa may be parallel or focus on a line. The formula predicts sin3 phi dependence on the incidence angle and, in the particular case of parallel slats, 1/h dependence on the distance from the slit. More complex expressions for sensitivity ...

推导了狭缝-栅板准直器灵敏度的解析公式，该准直器通过狭缝实现横向准直，通过栅板组件实现轴向准直，栅板隔片可以是平行的或聚焦于一条线。该公式预测灵敏度与入射角的正弦三次方成正比，在平行栅板的特殊情况下，与距狭缝的距离成反比。更复杂的表达式用于灵敏度...

Due to the significant complexity of membrane morphology and the generally poor image quality in electron tomographic volumes, current automatic methods for segmentation of membranes perform poorly. Users must resort to manual tracing of recognized patterns on 2-D slices of the volume, a method that suffers from subjectivity and is very labor intensive, preventing quantitative analyses of tomograp...

由于膜形态的显著复杂性和电子断层扫描体积中图像质量普遍较差，当前自动分割膜的方法表现不佳。用户必须依赖在体积的二维切片上手动追踪识别出的模式，这种方法存在主观性且非常耗时，阻碍了断层扫描的定量分析...

Despite recovering a normal coronary flow after acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention does not guarantee a proper perfusion (irrigation) of the infarcted area. This damage in microcirculation integrity may detrimentally affect the patient survival. Visual assessment of the myocardium opacification in contrast angiography serves to define a subjective score of the microcir...

尽管急性心肌梗死后恢复了正常的冠状动脉血流，但经皮冠状动脉介入治疗并不能保证梗死区域得到适当的灌注（灌溉）。微循环完整性的这种损伤可能对患者的生存产生不利影响。对比血管造影中心肌不透明的视觉评估用于定义微循环的主观评分...

Computing the morphological similarity of diffusion tensors (DTs) at neighboring voxels within a DT image, or at corresponding locations across different DT images, is a fundamental and ubiquitous operation in the postprocessing of DT images. The morphological similarity of DTs typically has been computed using either the principal directions (PDs) of DTs (i.e., the direction along which water mol...

计算扩散张量图像中相邻体素或不同扩散张量图像对应位置的扩散张量形态相似性，是扩散张量图像后处理中基本且广泛使用的操作。扩散张量的形态相似性通常使用扩散张量的主方向（即水分子扩散的方向）来计算……

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