Volume 28, Issue 7

A novel atlas-based segmentation approach based on the combination of multiple registrations is presented. Multiple atlases are registered to a target image. To obtain a segmentation of the target, labels of the atlas images are propagated to it. The propagated labels are combined by spatially varying decision fusion weights. These weights are derived from local assessment of the registration success. Furthermore, an atlas selection procedure is proposed that is equivalent to sequential forward selection from statistical pattern recognition theory. The proposed method is compared to three existing atlas-based segmentation approaches, namely 1) single atlas-based segmentation, 2) average-shape atlas-based segmentation, and 3) multi-atlas-based segmentation with averaging as decision fusion. These methods were tested on the segmentation of the heart and the aorta in computed tomography scans of the thorax. The results show that the proposed method outperforms other methods and yields results very close to those of an independent human observer. Moreover, the additional atlas selection step led to a faster segmentation at a comparable performance.

提出了一种基于多配准组合的新型图谱分割方法。将多个图谱配准到目标图像。为了得到目标的分割，将图谱图像的标签传播到目标图像。通过空间变化的决策融合权重组合传播的标签，这些权重来自对配准成功的局部评估。此外，提出了一种与统计模式识别理论中的序贯前向选择等效的图谱选择过程。将该方法与三种现有的基于图谱的分割方法进行比较：1）单图谱分割，2）平均形状图谱分割，3）平均决策融合的多图谱分割。这些方法在胸部CT扫描中的心脏和主动脉分割上进行了测试。结果表明，所提出的方法优于其他方法，结果与独立人类观察者非常接近。此外，额外的图谱选择步骤在相当的性能下实现了更快的分割。

Accurate grading for prostatic carcinoma in pathological images is important to prognosis and treatment planning. Since human grading is always time-consuming and subjective, this paper presents a computer-aided system to automatically grade pathological images according to Gleason grading system which is the most widespread method for histological grading of prostate tissues. We proposed two feat...

病理图像中前列腺癌的准确分级对预后和治疗计划非常重要。由于人工分级费时且主观，本文提出了一种计算机辅助系统，根据Gleason分级系统（前列腺组织学分级最常用的方法）自动对病理图像进行分级。我们提出了两种特征...

In real-time ultrasonic 3-D imaging, in addition to difficulties in fabricating and interconnecting 2-D transducer arrays with hundreds of elements, there are also challenges in acquiring and processing data from a large number of ultrasound channels. The coarray (spatial convolution of the transmit and receive arrays) can be used to find efficient array designs that capture all of the spatial fre...

在实时超声三维成像中，除了制造和互连具有数百个阵元的二维换能器阵列的困难外，还存在从大量超声通道采集和处理数据的挑战。协阵列（发射和接收阵列的空间卷积）可用于找到捕获所有空间频率的高效阵列设计...

Breast imaging via microwave tomography involves estimating the distribution of dielectric properties within the patient's breast on a discrete mesh. The number of unknowns in the discrete mesh can be very large for 3-D imaging, and this results in computational challenges. We propose a new approach where the discrete mesh is replaced with a relatively small number of smooth basis functions. The d...

通过微波断层扫描进行乳腺成像涉及在离散网格上估计患者乳房内介电特性的分布。对于三维成像，离散网格中的未知数可能非常大，这导致了计算挑战。我们提出了一种新方法，用相对较少的平滑基函数替代离散网格。该...

We arm researchers with a simple method to chart a macroscopic cortico-cortical connectivity network in living human subjects. The researcher provides a diffusion-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data set and N cortical regions of interest. In return, we provide an N times N structural adjacency matrix (SAM) quantifying the relative connectivity between all cortical region pairs. We also return a ...

我们为研究人员提供了一种简单的方法，用于绘制活体人类受试者中的宏观皮质-皮质连接网络。研究人员提供一组扩散磁共振成像（MRI）数据和N个皮质感兴趣区域。作为回报，我们提供一个N×N结构邻接矩阵（SAM），量化所有皮质区域对之间的相对连接性。我们还返回...

It is now recognized that prediction of the vulnerable coronary plaque rupture requires not only an accurate quantification of fibrous cap thickness and necrotic core morphology but also a precise knowledge of the mechanical properties of plaque components. Indeed, such knowledge would allow a precise evaluation of the peak cap-stress amplitude, which is known to be a good biomechanical predictor ...

现在人们认识到，预测易损冠状动脉斑块破裂不仅需要精确量化纤维帽厚度和坏死核心形态，还需要精确了解斑块组分的力学特性。事实上，这样的了解可以精确评估峰值帽应力，这被认为是一个良好的生物力学预测因子……

We propose a novel symmetry-based technique for scalable lossless compression of 3D medical image data. The proposed method employs the 2D integer wavelet transform to decorrelate the data and an intraband prediction method to reduce the energy of the sub-bands by exploiting the anatomical symmetries typically present in structural medical images. A modified version of the embedded block coder wit...

我们提出了一种新颖的基于对称性的技术，用于三维医学图像数据的可扩展无损压缩。该方法采用二维整数小波变换去相关数据，并通过利用结构医学图像中通常存在的解剖对称性，使用带内预测方法降低子带的能量。改进了嵌入块编码器的版本。

It has been known for more than a decade that intracranial aneurysms can be successfully treated by deploying a porous meshed tube in the parent vessel of the aneurysm. Such devices are currently called flow diverters because they promote intraneurysmal flow stasis and thrombosis by diverting blood flow away from the aneurysm sac. The objective of this study was to use angiographic data to quantif...

十多年来，人们已知通过将多孔网管置入动脉瘤的载瘤动脉中可以成功治疗颅内动脉瘤。此类装置目前被称为血流分流器，因为它们通过将血流从动脉瘤囊分流开，促进动脉瘤内血流停滞和血栓形成。本研究的目的是利用血管造影数据来量化...

In flat detector cone-beam computed tomography and related applications, sparse angular sampling frequently leads to characteristic streak artifacts. To overcome this problem, it has been suggested to generate additional views by means of interpolation. The practicality of this approach is investigated in combination with a dedicated method for angular interpolation of 3-D sinogram data. For this ...

在平板探测器锥束计算机断层扫描及相关应用中，稀疏角度采样经常导致特征性条纹伪影。为了克服这个问题，有研究者提出通过插值生成额外视图。本文研究了该方法与一种用于3D正弦图数据的角度插值专用方法相结合的实际可行性。

It is now widely accepted that image quality should be evaluated using task-based criteria, such as human-observer performance in a lesion-detection task. The channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) has been widely used as a surrogate for human observers in evaluating lesion detectability. In this paper, we propose that the problem of developing a numerical observer can be viewed as a system-identifi...

现在广泛接受的是，图像质量应使用基于任务的标准进行评估，例如人类观察者在病变检测任务中的表现。通道化Hotelling观察者（CHO）已被广泛用作评估病变可检测性的人类观察者的替代。在本文中，我们提出开发数值观察者的问题可以视为系统识别...

Time series of in vivo magnetic resonance images exhibit high levels of temporal correlation. Higher temporal resolution reconstructions are obtained by acquiring data at a fraction of the Nyquist rate and resolving the resulting aliasing using the correlation information. The dynamic imaging experiment is modeled as a linear dynamical system. A Kalman filter based unaliasing reconstruction is des...

体内磁共振图像的时间序列表现出高时间相关性。通过以奈奎斯特速率的一小部分采集数据，并利用相关信息解决由此产生的混叠，可以获得更高时间分辨率的重建。动态成像实验被建模为线性动力系统。一种基于卡尔曼滤波的去混叠重建被描述...

Mathematical interest in electrical impedance tomography has been strong since the publication of CalderÓn's foundational paper. This paper introduced the idea of applying external voltage patterns to a medium such that, assuming that the medium is sufficiently close to a constant admittivity, the reconstruction can be accomplished directly by inverse Fourier transform. Motivated by CalderÓn's met...

自Calderón的基础论文发表以来，电阻抗成像的数学兴趣一直很高。该论文提出了向介质施加外部电压模式的想法，假设介质足够接近恒定导纳，则可通过逆傅里叶变换直接完成重建。受Calderón方法的启发...

This paper presents a technique to estimate and model patient-specific pulsatility of cerebral aneurysms over one cardiac cycle, using 3D rotational X-ray angiography (3DRA) acquisitions. Aneurysm pulsation is modeled as a time varying B-spline tensor field representing the deformation applied to a reference volume image, thus producing the instantaneous morphology at each time point in the cardia...

本文提出了一种技术，利用三维旋转X射线血管造影（3DRA）采集来估计和模拟脑动脉瘤在一个心动周期内的患者特异性搏动。动脉瘤搏动被建模为一个时变B样条张量场，表示应用于参考体积图像的变形，从而产生心脏周期中每个时间点的瞬时形态...

Radio-frequency current density imaging (RF-CDI) is an imaging technique that noninvasively measures current density distribution at the Larmor frequency utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Previously implemented RF-CDI techniques were only able to image a single slice transverse to the static magnetic field B0 . This paper describes the first realization of a multislice RF-CDI sequence on...

射频电流密度成像（RF-CDI）是一种利用磁共振成像（MRI）无创测量拉莫尔频率处电流密度分布的成像技术。先前实现的RF-CDI技术仅能对垂直于静态磁场B0的单一层面进行成像。本文描述了多层RF-CDI序列的首次实现...

We propose an approximate approach to use redundant data outside the 1PI window within the exact Katsevich reconstruction framework. The proposed algorithm allows a flexible selection of the helical pitch, which is useful for clinical applications. Our idea is an extension of the one proposed by Kohler, Bontus, and Koken (2006). It is based on optimizing the contribution weights of convolution fam...

我们提出一种近似方法，在精确Katsevich重建框架内使用1PI窗口外的冗余数据。该算法允许灵活选择螺距，对临床应用非常有用。我们的想法是对Kohler、Bontus和Koken（2006）提出方法的扩展。它基于优化卷积族的贡献权重...

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