Volume 28, Issue 8

This paper presents a comparison study between 10 automatic and six interactive methods for liver segmentation from contrast-enhanced CT images. It is based on results from the “MICCAI 2007 Grand Challenge” workshop, where 16 teams evaluated their algorithms on a common database. A collection of 20 clinical images with reference segmentations was provided to train and tune algorithms in advance. Participants were also allowed to use additional proprietary training data for that purpose. All teams then had to apply their methods to 10 test datasets and submit the obtained results. Employed algorithms include statistical shape models, atlas registration, level-sets, graph-cuts and rule-based systems. All results were compared to reference segmentations five error measures that highlight different aspects of segmentation accuracy. All measures were combined according to a specific scoring system relating the obtained values to human expert variability. In general, interactive methods reached higher average scores than automatic approaches and featured a better consistency of segmentation quality. However, the best automatic methods (mainly based on statistical shape models with some additional free deformation) could compete well on the majority of test images. The study provides an insight in performance of different segmentation approaches under real-world conditions and highlights achievements and limitations of current image analysis techniques.

本文对10种自动方法和6种交互式方法在对比增强CT图像中的肝脏分割进行了比较研究。该研究基于“MICCAI 2007大挑战”研讨会的结果，其中16个团队在共同数据库上评估了他们的算法。提供了20幅带有参考分割的临床图像，用于预先训练和调整算法。参与者也被允许为此目的使用额外的专有训练数据。然后，所有团队必须将他们的方法应用于10个测试数据集，并提交获得的结果。所使用的算法包括统计形状模型、图谱配准、水平集、图割和基于规则的系统。所有结果与参考分割通过五种误差度量进行比较，这些度量突出了分割精度的不同方面。所有度量根据一个特定的评分系统进行组合，该评分系统将获得的值与人类专家的变异性相关联。总体而言，交互式方法达到了比自动方法更高的平均分数，并具有更好的分割质量一致性。然而，最好的自动方法（主要基于统计形状模型和一些额外的自由变形）在大多数测试图像上能够很好地竞争。该研究提供了对不同分割方法在现实条件下性能的深入了解，并突出了当前图像分析技术的成就和局限性。

It has been shown that employing multiple atlas images improves segmentation accuracy in atlas-based medical image segmentation. Each atlas image is registered to the target image independently and the calculated transformation is applied to the segmentation of the atlas image to obtain a segmented version of the target image. Several independent candidate segmentations result from the process, wh...

研究表明，使用多个图谱图像可以提高基于图谱的医学图像分割的准确性。每个图谱图像独立地配准到目标图像，计算出的变换应用于图谱图像的分割，以获得目标图像的分割版本。该过程产生多个独立的候选分割，...

There is well-documented evidence that vascular geometry has a major impact in blood flow dynamics and consequently in the development of vascular diseases, like atherosclerosis and cerebral aneurysmal disease. The study of vascular geometry and the identification of geometric features associated with a specific pathological condition can therefore shed light into the mechanisms involved in the pa...

有充分证据表明，血管几何结构对血流动力学有重大影响，进而影响动脉粥样硬化和脑动脉瘤等血管疾病的发展。

An automated scheme for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain segmentation is proposed. An adaptive mean-shift methodology is utilized in order to classify brain voxels into one of three main tissue types: gray matter, white matter, and cerebro-spinal fluid. The MRI image space is represented by a high-dimensional feature space that includes multimodal intensity features as well as spatial featur...

提出了一种用于磁共振成像（MRI）脑分割的自动化方案。利用自适应均值漂移方法，将脑体素分为三种主要组织类型之一：灰质、白质和脑脊液。MRI图像空间由一个高维特征空间表示，该特征空间包括多模态强度特征以及空间特征...

The magnetic particle imaging (MPI) method directly images the magnetization of super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles, which are contrast agents commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MPI, as originally envisioned, requires a high-bandwidth receiver coil and preamplifier, which are difficult to optimally noise match. This paper introduces Narrowband MPI, which dramatically...

磁粒子成像（MPI）方法直接对超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）纳米颗粒的磁化强度进行成像，这些纳米颗粒是磁共振成像（MRI）中常用的造影剂。最初设想的MPI需要高带宽接收线圈和前置放大器，这难以实现最佳噪声匹配。本文介绍了窄带MPI，它极大地...

Two-dimensional ultrasound (US) is widely used in minimally invasive cardiac procedures due to its convenience of use and noninvasive nature. However, the low quality of US images often limits their utility as a means for guiding procedures, since it is often difficult to relate the images to their anatomical context. To improve the interpretability of the US images while maintaining US as a flexi...

二维超声（US）因其使用方便和无创特性，广泛应用于微创心脏手术。然而，US图像的低质量常常限制了它们在引导手术中的效用，因为很难将图像与其解剖背景相关联。为了提高US图像的可解释性，同时保持US作为灵活的工具...

Accurate tissue and structure segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) brain scans is critical in several applications. In most approaches this task is handled through two sequential steps. We propose to carry out cooperatively both tissue and subcortical structure segmentation by distributing a set of local and cooperative Markov random field (MRF) models. Tissue segmentation is performed by parti...

磁共振（MR）脑扫描的精确组织和结构分割在若干应用中至关重要。大多数方法通过两个连续步骤处理此任务。我们提出通过分布一组局部且协作的马尔可夫随机场（MRF）模型来协同进行组织和皮层下结构分割。组织分割通过部分...

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common life-threatening disorder for which an early diagnosis is desirable. We propose a new system for the automatic detection of PE in contrast-enhanced CT images. The system consists of candidate detection, feature computation and classification. Candidate detection focusses on the inclusion of PE-even complete occlusions-and the exclusion of false detections, such ...

肺栓塞（PE）是一种常见的危及生命的疾病，早期诊断至关重要。我们提出了一种在对比增强CT图像中自动检测PE的新系统。该系统包括候选检测、特征计算和分类。候选检测侧重于包含PE（甚至完全闭塞）并排除假阳性检测，例如……

Radio-frequency (RF) ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for tumors in various abdominal organs. It is effective if good tumor localization and intraprocedural monitoring can be done. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using an ultrasound-based Young's modulus reconstruction algorithm to image an ablated region whose stiffness is elevated due to tissue coagulation. To obtain c...

射频消融是一种针对多种腹部器官肿瘤的微创治疗方法。若能实现良好的肿瘤定位和术中监测，则该方法有效。本文研究了使用基于超声的杨氏模量重建算法对因组织凝固而刚度升高的消融区域进行成像的可行性。为了获得...

Nonrigid image registration methods using intensity-based similarity metrics are becoming increasingly common tools to estimate many types of deformations. Nonrigid warps can be very flexible with a large number of parameters and gradient optimization schemes are widely used to estimate them. However, for large datasets, the computation of the gradient of the similarity metric with respect to thes...

基于强度的相似度度量的非刚性图像配准方法正成为估计多种变形的常用工具。非刚性扭曲非常灵活，具有大量参数，梯度优化方案被广泛用于估计这些参数。然而，对于大型数据集，计算相似度度量关于这些参数的梯度...

This work presents a methodology for modeling of cardiac tissue micro-structure. The approach is based on catheter-based confocal imaging systems, which are emerging as tools for diagnosis in various clinical disciplines. A limitation of these systems is that a fluorescent marker must be available in sufficient concentration in the imaged region. We introduce a novel method for the local delivery ...

这项工作提出了一种对心脏组织微结构进行建模的方法。该方法基于导管式共聚焦成像系统，该系统正成为各种临床学科中的诊断工具。这些系统的一个限制是，成像区域必须存在足够浓度的荧光标记物。我们介绍了一种用于局部输送的新方法……

This paper discusses the design of a novel photoacoustic microscopy imaging system with promise for studying the structure of tissue microvasculature for applications in visualizing angiogenesis. A new 16 channel analog and digital high-frequency array based photoacoustic microscopy system (PAM) was developed using an Nd:YLF pumped tunable dye laser, a 30 MHz piezo composite linear array transduce...

本文讨论了一种新型光声显微镜成像系统的设计，该系统有望用于研究组织微血管结构，以可视化血管生成。利用Nd:YLF泵浦可调谐染料激光器、30 MHz压电复合材料线性阵列换能器，开发了一种新的16通道模拟和数字高频阵列光声显微镜系统（PAM）。

In this paper, we address the problem of fully automated decomposition of hyperspectral images for transmission light microscopy. The hyperspectral images are decomposed into spectrally homogeneous compounds. The resulting compounds are described by their spectral characteristics and optical density. We present the multiplicative physical model of image formation in transmission light microscopy, ...

本文研究了透射光显微镜高光谱图像的完全自动分解问题。高光谱图像被分解为光谱均匀的化合物。所得化合物由其光谱特性和光密度描述。我们提出了透射光显微镜图像形成的乘法物理模型，...

Knee-related injuries including meniscal tears are common in both young athletes and the aging population, and require accurate diagnosis and surgical intervention when appropriate. With proper techniques and radiologists' experienced skills, confidence in detection of meniscal tears can be quite high. This paper develops a novel computer-aided detection (CAD) diagnostic system for automatic detec...

膝关节损伤包括半月板撕裂在年轻运动员和老年人群中都很常见，需要准确诊断并在适当时进行手术干预。通过适当的技术和放射科医生的丰富经验，检测半月板撕裂的置信度可以很高。本文开发了一种新颖的计算机辅助检测（CAD）诊断系统，用于自动检测...

Reconstruction of a cleft lip leads inevitably to scar tissue formation. Scar tissue within the restored oral orbicular muscle might be assessed by quantification of the local contractility of this muscle. Furthermore, information about the contraction capability of the oral orbicular muscle is crucial for planning the revision surgery of an individual patient. We used ultrasound elastography to d...

唇裂修复术不可避免地导致疤痕组织形成。通过量化恢复后的口轮匝肌的局部收缩能力，可以评估该肌肉内的疤痕组织。此外，关于口轮匝肌收缩能力的信息对于个体患者的修复手术规划至关重要。我们使用超声弹性成像来...

This paper concerns task-based image quality assessment for the task of discriminating between two classes of images. We address the problem of estimating two widely-used detection performance measures, SNR and AUC, from a finite number of images, assuming that the class discrimination is performed with a channelized Hotelling observer. In particular, we investigate the advantage that can be gaine...

本文关注于区分两类图像的任务中的基于任务图像质量评估。我们研究了在有限图像数量下，假设使用通道化霍特林观察者进行类判别时，估计两种广泛使用的检测性能指标（SNR和AUC）的问题。特别是，我们调查了可以获得的优势...

There is a rapidly growing interest in the neuroimaging field to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore brain networks, i.e., how regions of the brain communicate with one another. This paper presents a general and novel statistical framework for robust and more complete estimation of brain functional connectivity from fMRI based on correlation analyses and hypothesis testing....

神经影像学领域对使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）探索大脑网络（即大脑区域如何相互通信）的兴趣迅速增长。本文提出了一种通用且新颖的统计框架，基于相关性分析和假设检验，从fMRI中稳健且更完整地估计大脑功能连接。

This paper describes an interactive system for the semantic annotation of brain magnetic resonance images. The system uses both a numerical atlas and symbolic knowledge of brain anatomical structures depicted using the semantic Web standards. This knowledge is combined with graphical data, automatically extracted from the images by imaging tools. The annotations of parts of gyri and sulci, in a re...

本文描述了一种用于脑部磁共振图像语义标注的交互式系统。该系统同时使用数字图谱和基于语义Web标准描述的脑解剖结构的符号知识。这些知识与成像工具从图像中自动提取的图形数据相结合。部分脑回和脑沟的标注结果...

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呈现本期期刊的目录。

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Provides notice of upcoming special issue(s) of interest to practitioners and researchers.

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提供当前工作人员、委员会成员和学会官员的列表。