Volume 28, Issue 9

With the introduction of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), much larger image datasets are routinely acquired compared to what was possible using the previous generation of time-domain OCT. Thus, the need for 3-D segmentation methods for processing such data is becoming increasingly important. We report a graph-theoretic segmentation method for the simultaneous segmentation of multiple 3-D surfaces that is guaranteed to be optimal with respect to the cost function and that is directly applicable to the segmentation of 3-D spectral OCT image data. We present two extensions to the general layered graph segmentation method: the ability to incorporate varying feasibility constraints and the ability to incorporate true regional information. Appropriate feasibility constraints and cost functions were learned from a training set of 13 spectral-domain OCT images from 13 subjects. After training, our approach was tested on a test set of 28 images from 14 subjects. An overall mean unsigned border positioning error of $5.69\pm 2.41\ \mu{\rm m}$ was achieved when segmenting seven surfaces (six layers) and using the average of the manual tracings of two ophthalmologists as the reference standard. This result is very comparable to the measured interobserver variability of $5.71\pm 1.98\ \mu{\rm m}$ .

随着谱域光学相干断层扫描（OCT）的引入，与上一代时域OCT相比，常规采集的图像数据集要大得多。因此，对用于处理此类数据的三维分割方法的需求变得越来越重要。我们报告了一种图论分割方法，用于同时分割多个三维表面，该方法在成本函数方面保证最优，并且直接适用于三维谱域OCT图像数据的分割。我们提出了对一般分层图分割方法的两个扩展：能够结合变化的可行性约束和能够结合真实的区域信息。从13名受试者的13幅谱域OCT图像的训练集中学习了适当的可行性约束和成本函数。训练后，我们的方法在来自14名受试者的28幅图像的测试集上进行了测试。在分割七个表面（六层）时，以两位眼科医生手动描记的平均值作为参考标准，实现了$5.69±2.41\ \mu{\rm m}$的总体平均无符号边界定位误差。这一结果与测得的$5.71±1.98\ \mu{\rm m}$观察者间变异性非常接近。

This paper presents an algorithm for segmenting and measuring retinal vessels, by growing a “Ribbon of Twins” active contour model, which uses two pairs of contours to capture each vessel edge, while maintaining width consistency. The algorithm is initialized using a generalized morphological order filter to identify approximate vessels centerlines. Once the vessel segments are identified the netw...

本文提出了一种通过生长“双胞胎带”主动轮廓模型来分割和测量视网膜血管的算法，该模型使用两对轮廓捕捉每条血管边缘，同时保持宽度一致性。算法使用广义形态顺序滤波器初始化，以识别近似的血管中心线。一旦血管段被识别，网络...

The electric conductivity can potentially be used as an additional diagnostic parameter, e.g., in tumor diagnosis. Moreover, the electric conductivity, in connection with the electric field, can be used to estimate the local SAR distribution during MR measurements. In this study, a new approach, called electric properties tomography (EPT) is presented. It derives the patient's electric conductivit...

电导率可潜在地用作额外的诊断参数，例如在肿瘤诊断中。此外，电导率与电场一起可用于估计MR测量期间的局部SAR分布。在这项研究中，提出了一种称为电特性断层扫描（EPT）的新方法。它推导出患者的电导率...

This paper describes a general and flexible Monte- Carlo simulation framework for diffusing spins that generates realistic synthetic data for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Similar systems in the literature consider only simple substrates and their authors do not consider convergence and parameter optimization. We show how to run Monte-Carlo simulations within complex irregular substrates. ...

本文描述了一个通用且灵活的蒙特卡罗模拟框架，用于模拟扩散自旋，从而生成扩散磁共振成像的逼真合成数据。文献中的类似系统仅考虑简单基底，且其作者未考虑收敛性和参数优化。我们展示了如何在复杂不规则基底内运行蒙特卡罗模拟。...

Medical augmented reality (AR) has been widely discussed within the medical imaging as well as computer aided surgery communities. Different systems for exemplary medical applications have been proposed. Some of them produced promising results. One major issue still hindering AR technology to be regularly used in medical applications is the interaction between physician and the superimposed 3-D vi...

医学增强现实（AR）在医学影像和计算机辅助手术领域已得到广泛讨论。针对示范性医学应用，已提出多种系统，其中一些取得了有希望的结果。仍阻碍AR技术在医学应用中常规使用的一个主要问题是医生与叠加的3D可视化之间的交互...

Radiation therapy for cervical cancer can benefit from image registration in several ways, for example by studying the motion of organs, or by (partially) automating the delineation of the target volume and other structures of interest. In this paper, the registration of cervical data is addressed using mutual information (MI) of not only image intensity, but also features that describe local imag...

宫颈癌的放射治疗可以从图像配准中获益，例如通过研究器官的运动，或通过（部分）自动勾画靶区和其他感兴趣结构。本文利用不仅包括图像强度，还包括描述局部图像特征的互信息（MI）来处理宫颈数据的配准...

We present iCluster, a fast and efficient algorithm that clusters a set of images while co-registering them using a parameterized, nonlinear transformation model. The output of the algorithm is a small number of template images that represent different modes in a population. This is in contrast with traditional, hypothesis-driven computational anatomy approaches that assume a single template to co...

我们提出了iCluster，一种快速高效的算法，该算法使用参数化的非线性变换模型对一组图像进行聚类并同时进行配准。该算法的输出是少量模板图像，代表群体中的不同模式。这与传统的基于假设的计算解剖学方法形成对比，后者假设一个单一模板进行共配准...

This paper presents a novel 3-D reconstruction method of the scoliotic spine using prior vertebra models with image-based information taken from biplanar X-ray images. We first propose a global modeling approach by exploiting the 3-D scoliotic curve reconstructed from a coronal and sagittal X-ray image in order to generate an approximate statistical model from a 3-D database of scoliotic patients ...

本文提出了一种新颖的脊柱侧弯3D重建方法，该方法利用先验椎骨模型和从双平面X射线图像中获取的图像信息。我们首先通过从冠状和矢状X射线图像重建的3D脊柱侧弯曲线，提出一种全局建模方法，以便从脊柱侧弯患者的3D数据库生成近似统计模型...

In this paper, we present a new method to form pharmacokinetic-rate images of optical fluorophores directly from near infra-red (NIR) boundary measurements. We first derive a mapping from spatially resolved pharmacokinetic rates to NIR boundary measurements by combining compartmental modeling with a diffusion based NIR photon propagation model. We express this mapping as a state-space equation. Ne...

在本文中，我们提出了一种新方法，直接从近红外边界测量形成光学荧光素的药代动力学速率图像。我们首先通过结合房室模型和基于扩散的近红外光子传播模型，推导出空间分辨的药代动力学速率到近红外边界测量的映射。我们将此映射表示为状态空间方程。Ne...

We present a novel algorithm for reconstructing interferograms acquired in optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). The algorithm was developed specifically for processing in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and featured the use of a finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter implementation of B-spline interpolation for efficiently re-sampling $k$-space. When implemented in FPGAs, the algorithm al...

我们提出了一种新颖的算法，用于重建在光学频域成像（OFDI）中获取的干涉图。该算法专门为现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）中的处理而开发，其特点是使用有限脉冲响应（FIR）滤波器实现的B样条插值，以高效地重新采样k空间。当在FPGA中实现时，该算法...

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool in the evaluation of tumor physiology. From rapidly acquired images and a model for contrast agent pharmacokinetics, physiological parameters are derived. One pharmacokinetic model, the tissue homogeneity model, enables estimation of both blood flow and vessel permeability together with parameters that describe blood vo...

动态对比增强磁共振成像是评估肿瘤生理学的一种有前景的工具。通过快速获取的图像和对比剂药代动力学模型，可以推导出生理参数。一种药代动力学模型，即组织均匀性模型，能够同时估计血流量和血管通透性以及描述血容量的参数...

Stereo-photogrammetry provides a low cost, easy to use, and noninvasive alternative to traditional facial anthropometry for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). We describe such a system for use in obtaining 3-D facial information in infants. The infant is photographed using three high resolution digital cameras simultaneously while seated in a car seat. The subject's head is enclosed in...

立体摄影测量为胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）的诊断提供了一种低成本、易于使用且无创的传统面部人体测量替代方法。我们描述了一个用于获取婴儿3D面部信息的系统。婴儿坐在汽车座椅上，同时使用三台高分辨率数码相机进行拍摄。受试者的头部被封闭在...

Target registration error (TRE) has become a widely accepted error metric in point-based registration since the error metric was introduced in the 1990s. It is particularly prominent in image-guided surgery (IGS) applications where point-based registration is used in both image registration and optical tracking. In point-based registration, the TRE is a function of the fiducial marker geometry, lo...

自20世纪90年代引入目标配准误差(TRE)以来，该误差指标已成为点配准中广泛接受的误差度量。在图像引导手术(IGS)应用中，点配准同时用于图像配准和光学跟踪，TRE尤为突出。在点配准中，TRE是基准标记几何结构、...的函数。

With increasing availability of multimodality imaging systems, high-resolution anatomical images can be used to guide the reconstruction of emission tomography studies. By measuring reader performance on a lesion detection task, this study investigates the improvement in image-quality due to use of prior anatomical knowledge, for example organ or lesion boundaries, during SPECT reconstruction. Sim...

随着多模态成像系统的普及，高分辨率解剖图像可用于指导发射断层扫描重建。本研究通过测量读者在病灶检测任务中的表现，探究在SPECT重建过程中使用先验解剖知识（例如器官或病灶边界）对图像质量的改善。模拟...

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging is being widely used to reconstruct brain white matter fiber tracts. To characterize structural properties of the tracts, reconstructed fibers are often grouped into bundles that correspond to coherent anatomic structures. For further group analysis of fiber bundles, it is desirable that corresponding bundles from different studies are coregistered. To a...

磁共振扩散张量成像被广泛用于重建脑白质纤维束。为了表征纤维束的结构特性，通常将重建的纤维分组为对应于一致解剖结构的纤维束。为了进一步对纤维束进行群体分析，需要将不同研究的相应纤维束进行配准。到...

Provides a listing of current staff, committee members and society officers.

提供现任工作人员、委员会成员和学会官员的名单。

Provides notice of upcoming special issue(s) of interest to practitioners and researchers.

通知即将到来的特刊，该特刊对从业者和研究人员具有吸引力。

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

诚邀潜在作者提交新的、未发表的手稿，以纳入本次征稿通知中描述的即将举行的活动。

This page or pages intentionally left blank.

本页或这些页面故意留空。

Provides instructions and guidelines to prospective authors who wish to submit manuscripts.

为有意投稿的作者提供指南和说明。

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the periodical.

介绍本期期刊的目录。