Volume 29, Issue 1

Medical image registration is an important task in medical image processing. It refers to the process of aligning data sets, possibly from different modalities (e.g., magnetic resonance and computed tomography), different time points (e.g., follow-up scans), and/or different subjects (in case of population studies). A large number of methods for image registration are described in the literature. Unfortunately, there is not one method that works for all applications. We have therefore developed elastix, a publicly available computer program for intensity-based medical image registration. The software consists of a collection of algorithms that are commonly used to solve medical image registration problems. The modular design of elastix allows the user to quickly configure, test, and compare different registration methods for a specific application. The command-line interface enables automated processing of large numbers of data sets, by means of scripting. The usage of elastix for comparing different registration methods is illustrated with three example experiments, in which individual components of the registration method are varied.

医学图像配准是医学图像处理中的一项重要任务。它指的是对齐数据集的过程，这些数据集可能来自不同的模态（例如，磁共振和计算机断层扫描）、不同的时间点（例如，随访扫描）和/或不同的受试者（在群体研究的情况下）。文献中描述了大量的图像配准方法。

The detection of microaneurysms in digital color fundus photographs is a critical first step in automated screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes. To accomplish this detection numerous methods have been published in the past but none of these was compared with each other on the same data. In this work we present the results of the first international microaneurys...

数字彩色眼底照片中微动脉瘤的检测是糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）自动化筛查的第一步，DR是糖尿病的常见并发症。过去已经发表了许多方法来实现这一检测，但没有一种方法在相同数据上进行比较。在这项工作中，我们展示了第一次国际微动脉瘤...

We show that electrical impedance tomography (EIT) image reconstruction algorithms with regularization based on the total variation (TV) functional are suitable for in vivo imaging of physiological data. This reconstruction approach helps to preserve discontinuities in reconstructed profiles, such as step changes in electrical properties at interorgan boundaries, which are typically smoothed by tr...

我们展示了基于全变差（TV）泛函正则化的电阻抗断层成像（EIT）图像重建算法适用于生理数据的在体成像。这种重建方法有助于保留重建剖面中的不连续性，例如器官间边界处电特性的阶跃变化，而这些变化通常被传统的平滑方法所...

Maximization of mutual information (MMI) is a popular similarity measure for medical image registration. Although its accuracy and robustness has been demonstrated for rigid body image registration, extending MMI to nonrigid image registration is not trivial and an active field of research. We propose conditional mutual information (cMI) as a new similarity measure for nonrigid image registration....

互信息最大化（MMI）是一种流行的医学图像配准相似性度量。尽管其准确性和鲁棒性已在刚体图像配准中得到证明，但将MMI扩展到非刚性图像配准并非易事，且是一个活跃的研究领域。我们提出条件互信息（cMI）作为非刚性图像配准的新相似性度量……

We compared four automated methods for hippocampal segmentation using different machine learning algorithms: 1) hierarchical AdaBoost, 2) support vector machines (SVM) with manual feature selection, 3) hierarchical SVM with automated feature selection (Ada-SVM), and 4) a publicly available brain segmentation package (FreeSurfer). We trained our approaches using T1-weighted brain MRIs from 30 subje...

我们比较了使用不同机器学习算法的四种自动海马分割方法：1）层次AdaBoost，2）具有手动特征选择的支持向量机（SVM），3）具有自动特征选择的层次SVM（Ada-SVM），以及4）公开可用的脑分割包（FreeSurfer）。我们使用来自30名受试者的T1加权脑MRI训练了我们的方法...

Reaction-diffusion based tumor growth models have been widely used in the literature for modeling the growth of brain gliomas. Lately, recent models have started integrating medical images in their formulation. Including different tissue types, geometry of the brain and the directions of white matter fiber tracts improved the spatial accuracy of reaction-diffusion models. The adaptation of the gen...

基于反应扩散的肿瘤生长模型已在文献中广泛用于模拟脑胶质瘤的生长。最近，新的模型开始将医学图像整合到其公式中。包括不同的组织类型、大脑几何结构和白质纤维束方向，提高了反应扩散模型的空间准确性。基因的适应...

In this paper, we present a segmentation scheme that automatically and accurately segments all the cartilages from magnetic resonance (MR) images of nonpathological knees. Our scheme involves the automatic segmentation of the bones using a three-dimensional active shape model, the extraction of the expected bone-cartilage interface (BCI), and cartilage segmentation from the BCI using a deformable ...

本文提出了一种分割方案，能够从非病理性膝关节的磁共振（MR）图像中自动且精确地分割所有软骨。我们的方案包括：使用三维主动形状模型自动分割骨骼，提取预期的骨软骨界面（BCI），以及使用可变形模型从BCI进行软骨分割……

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality capable of imaging distributions of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with high sensitivity, high spatial resolution and, in particular, high imaging speed. The image reconstruction process requires a system function, describing the mapping between particle distribution and acquired signal. To date, the system function is acquired in a tediou...

磁粒子成像（MPI）是一种新的成像模态，能够以高灵敏度、高空间分辨率特别是高成像速度对超顺磁性纳米粒子的分布进行成像。图像重建过程需要一个系统函数，描述粒子分布与采集信号之间的映射。迄今为止，系统函数是通过繁琐的方式获取的。

In recent years, postprocessing of fast multislice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to correct fetal motion has provided the first true 3-D MR images of the developing human brain in utero. Early approaches have used reconstruction based algorithms, employing a two-step iterative process, where slices from the acquired data are realigned to an approximate 3-D reconstruction of the fetal brain, whi...

近年来，对快速多层磁共振成像（MRI）进行后处理以校正胎儿运动，首次提供了子宫内发育中人脑的真实3D MR图像。早期方法采用基于重建的算法，使用两步迭代过程，其中将采集数据的切片对齐到胎儿大脑的近似3D重建，并...

Glaucoma is the second leading ocular disease causing blindness due to gradual damage to the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss. Segmentations of the optic disc cup and neuroretinal rim can provide important parameters for detecting and tracking this disease. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate a method that can automatically segment the optic disc cup and rim in spectra...

青光眼是导致失明的第二大眼部疾病，由于视神经逐渐受损和视野缺损。视盘杯和神经视网膜边缘的分割可以为检测和跟踪该疾病提供重要参数。本研究的目的是描述和评估一种能够自动分割视盘杯和边缘的方法...

Automated cell segmentation and tracking are critical for quantitative analysis of cell cycle behavior using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. However, the complex, dynamic cell cycle behavior poses new challenges to the existing image segmentation and tracking methods. This paper presents a fully automated tracking method for quantitative cell cycle analysis. In the proposed tracking method, we...

自动细胞分割和追踪对于使用延时荧光显微镜进行细胞周期行为的定量分析至关重要。然而，复杂动态的细胞周期行为对现有的图像分割和追踪方法提出了新的挑战。本文提出了一种用于定量细胞周期分析的完全自动追踪方法。在该追踪方法中，我们...

Tagged magnetic resonance imaging (tagged MRI or tMRI) provides a means of directly and noninvasively displaying the internal motion of the myocardium. Reconstruction of the motion field is needed to quantify important clinical information, e.g., the myocardial strain, and detect regional heart functional loss. In this paper, we present a three-step method for this task. First, we use a Gabor filt...

标记磁共振成像（标记MRI或tMRI）提供了一种直接且非侵入性地显示心肌内部运动的方法。需要重建运动场以量化重要的临床信息，例如心肌应变，并检测区域心脏功能丧失。在本文中，我们提出了一种三步法来完成这项任务。首先，我们使用Gabor滤波器...

We present a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for computed tomography colonography that orders the polyps according to clinical relevance. The CAD system consists of two steps: candidate detection and supervised classification. The characteristics of the detection step lead to specific choices for the classification system. The candidates are ordered by a linear logistic classifier (logistic ...

我们提出了一种用于计算机断层扫描结肠成像的计算机辅助检测（CAD）系统，该系统根据临床相关性对息肉进行排序。CAD系统包括两个步骤：候选检测和监督分类。检测步骤的特性导致了分类系统的特定选择。候选对象通过线性逻辑分类器（逻辑…）进行排序。

The high-frequency transceiver array based on the microstrip transmission line design is a promising technique for ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal excitation and reception. However, with the increase of radio-frequency (RF) channels, the size of the ground plane in each microstrip coil element is usually not sufficient to provide a perfect ground. Consequently, the transcei...

基于微带传输线设计的高频收发阵列是一种有前景的技术，用于超高场磁共振成像（MRI）信号的激发和接收。然而，随着射频（RF）通道的增加，每个微带线圈元件中接地平面的尺寸通常不足以提供完美的接地。因此，收发...

A new feature based nonrigid image registration method for magnetic resonance (MR) brain images is presented in this paper. Each image voxel is represented by a rotation invariant feature vector, which is computed by passing the input image volumes through a new bank of symmetric alpha stable (S?S) filters. There are three main contributions presented in this paper. First, this work is motivated b...

本文提出了一种新的基于特征的磁共振脑部图像非刚性配准方法。每个图像体素由一个旋转不变特征向量表示，该向量通过将输入图像体积通过一组新的对称α稳定（S?S）滤波器计算得到。本文提出三点主要贡献。首先，这项工作的动机是...

The currents induced in long conductors such as guidewires by the radio-frequency (RF) field in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are responsible for potentially dangerous heating of surrounding media, such as tissue. This paper presents an optically coupled system with the potential to quantitatively measure the RF currents induced on these conductors. The system uses a self shielded toroid transd...

磁共振成像（MRI）中的射频（RF）场在长导体（如导丝）中感应出的电流可能导致周围介质（如组织）出现潜在危险的加热。本文提出了一种光学耦合系统，能够定量测量这些导体上感应出的RF电流。该系统使用自屏蔽环形变压器...

A novel method is presented for carotid artery vessel wall segmentation in computed tomography angiography (CTA) data. First the carotid lumen is semi-automatically segmented using a level set approach initialized with three seed points. Subsequently, calcium regions located within the vessel wall are automatically detected and classified using multiple features in a GentleBoost framework. Calcium...

提出了一种在计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）数据中进行颈动脉血管壁分割的新方法。首先，使用三个种子点初始化的水平集方法对颈动脉腔进行半自动分割。随后，自动检测位于血管壁内的钙化区域，并在GentleBoost框架下利用多个特征进行分类。钙...

In this paper, we present a robust approach to the registration of white matter tractographies extracted from diffusion tensor-magnetic resonance imaging scans. The fibers are projected into a high dimensional feature space based on the sequence of their 3-D coordinates. Adaptive mean-shift clustering is applied to extract a compact set of representative fiber-modes (FM). Each FM is assigned to a ...

本文提出了一种鲁棒的方法，用于配准从扩散张量磁共振成像扫描中提取的白质纤维束。纤维根据其三维坐标序列投影到高维特征空间中。应用自适应均值漂移聚类来提取一组紧凑的代表性纤维模式（FM）。每个FM被分配给...

Multiclass receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis has remained an open theoretical problem since the introduction of binary ROC analysis in the 1950s. Previously, we have developed a paradigm for three-class ROC analysis that extends and unifies decision theoretic, linear discriminant analysis, and probabilistic foundations of binary ROC analysis in a three-class paradigm. One critical e...

自20世纪50年代引入二类接收者操作特征（ROC）分析以来，多类ROC分析一直是一个开放的理论问题。此前，我们开发了一个三类ROC分析范式，该范式在三类范式中扩展并统一了决策理论、线性判别分析和二类ROC分析的概率基础。一个关键问题...

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