Volume 29, Issue 6

A variant of the popular nonparametric nonuniform intensity normalization (N3) algorithm is proposed for bias field correction. Given the superb performance of N3 and its public availability, it has been the subject of several evaluation studies. These studies have demonstrated the importance of certain parameters associated with the B -spline least-squares fitting. We propose the substitution of a recently developed fast and robust B-spline approximation routine and a modified hierarchical optimization scheme for improved bias field correction over the original N3 algorithm. Similar to the N3 algorithm, we also make the source code, testing, and technical documentation of our contribution, which we denote as “N4ITK,” available to the public through the Insight Toolkit of the National Institutes of Health. Performance assessment is demonstrated using simulated data from the publicly available Brainweb database, hyperpolarized $^{3}{\rm He}$ lung image data, and 9.4T postmortem hippocampus data.

提出了一种流行的非参数非均匀强度归一化（N3）算法的变体，用于偏置场校正。鉴于N3的出色性能及其公开可用性，它已成为多项评估研究的主题。这些研究表明，与B样条最小二乘拟合相关的某些参数的重要性。我们建议用...

We present a fast model-based inversion algorithm for quantitative 2-D and 3-D optoacoustic tomography. The algorithm is based on an accurate and efficient forward model, which eliminates the need for regularization in the inversion process while providing modeling flexibility essential for quantitative image formation. The resulting image-reconstruction method eliminates stability problems encoun...

我们提出了一种用于定量二维和三维光声断层成像的快速基于模型的反演算法。该算法基于准确高效的正向模型，消除了反演过程中正则化的需求，同时提供了定量图像形成所必需的建模灵活性。所得到的图像重建方法消除了稳定性问题……

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is becoming one of the most important modalities for the noninvasive assessment of retinal eye diseases. As the number of acquired OCT volumes increases, automating the OCT image analysis is becoming increasingly relevant. In this paper, a method for automated characterization of the normal macular appearance in spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) volumes is reported to...

光学相干断层扫描（OCT）正成为非侵入性评估视网膜眼病的最重要方式之一。随着获取的OCT体积数量的增加，自动化OCT图像分析变得越来越重要。本文报道了一种在谱域OCT（SD-OCT）体积中自动表征正常黄斑外观的方法，以...

A method for automatic segmentation of pulmonary lobes from computed tomography (CT) scans is presented that is robust against incomplete fissures. The method is based on a multiatlas approach in which existing lobar segmentations are deformed to test scans in which the fissures, the lungs, and the bronchial tree have been automatically segmented. The key element of our method is a cost function t...

提出了一种从计算机断层扫描（CT）中自动分割肺叶的方法，该方法对不完全肺裂具有鲁棒性。该方法基于多图谱方法，其中将现有的肺叶分割变形到测试扫描，这些扫描中已自动分割出肺裂、肺部和支气管树。我们方法的关键要素是一个成本函数t...

We introduce a novel algorithm to address the challenges in magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging. In contrast to classical sequential data processing schemes, the proposed method combines the reconstruction and postprocessing steps into a unified algorithm. This integrated approach enables us to inject a range of prior information into the data processing scheme, thus constraining the rec...

我们提出了一种新颖算法，以解决磁共振频谱成像中的挑战。与经典的顺序数据处理方案不同，所提方法将重建和后处理步骤合并为一个统一算法。这种集成方法使我们能够将一系列先验信息注入数据处理方案，从而约束重建问题以产生更好的结果。

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently become one of the primary methods for noninvasive probing of the human retina. The pseudoimage formed by OCT (the so-called B-scan) varies probabilistically across pixels due to complexities in the measurement technique. Hence, sensitive automatic procedures of diagnosis using OCT may exploit statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of reflec...

光学相干断层扫描（OCT）最近已成为无创探测人类视网膜的主要方法之一。由于测量技术的复杂性，OCT 形成的伪图像（所谓的 B 扫描）在像素上呈现概率性变化。因此，利用 OCT 进行敏感自动诊断程序可利用反射空间分布的统计分析...

This paper provides a framework for generating high resolution time sequences of 3D images that show the dynamics of cerebral blood flow. These sequences have the potential to allow image feedback during medical procedures that facilitate the detection and observation of pathological abnormalities such as stenoses, aneurysms, and blood clots. The 3D time series is constructed by fusing a single st...

本文提供了一个框架，用于生成显示脑血流动力学的高分辨率三维图像时间序列。这些序列有潜力在医疗过程中提供图像反馈，有助于检测和观察诸如狭窄、动脉瘤和血凝块等病理异常。三维时间序列是通过融合单个...构建的。

We propose a probabilistic model for analyzing spatial activation patterns in multiple functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation images such as repeated observations on an individual or images from different individuals in a clinical study. Instead of taking the traditional approach of voxel-by-voxel analysis, we directly model the shape of activation patterns by representing each ac...

我们提出了一种概率模型，用于分析多个功能磁共振成像（fMRI）激活图像中的空间激活模式，例如个体重复观察或临床研究中不同个体的图像。我们没有采用传统的逐体素分析方法，而是通过表示每个激活模式来直接建模其形状...

Traditional minimally invasive surgeries use a view port provided by an endoscope or laparoscope. We argue that a useful addition to typical endoscopic imagery would be a global 3-D view providing a wider field of view with explicit depth information for both the exterior and interior of target anatomy. One technical challenge of implementing such a view is finding efficient and accurate means of ...

传统微创手术使用内窥镜或腹腔镜提供的观察端口。我们认为，在内窥镜图像基础上增加一个全局三维视图将是有益的，该视图提供更宽的视野以及目标解剖结构内外部的明确深度信息。实现这种视图的一个技术挑战是找到有效且准确的方法...

We suggest a polynomial program for the calculation of optimized gradient waveforms for magnetic resonance tomography pulse sequences. Such non-linear mathematical programs can describe gradient system capabilities, meet k-space trajectory specifications, and capture sequence timing conditions. Moreover they allow the incorporation of gradient moment nulling constraints in one or several arbitrary...

我们提出了一种多项式程序，用于计算磁共振断层成像脉冲序列的优化梯度波形。这种非线性数学程序可以描述梯度系统能力，满足k空间轨迹规格，并捕获序列时序条件。此外，它们允许在一个或多个任意方向上纳入梯度矩归零约束。

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 852-867, Mar. 10), several figure citations were incorrect. The correct figure citations are provided here.

在上述标题的论文（同上，第29卷，第3期，第852-867页，2010年3月10日）中，几处图表引用有误。此处提供正确的图表引用。

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1012-1021, Apr. 10), part of the first footnote was not correct. It should have appeared as presented here.

在上述标题论文（同上，第29卷，第4期，第1012-1021页，4月10日）中，第一个脚注的部分内容不正确。它应该如这里所示。

Provides instructions and guidelines to prospective authors who wish to submit manuscripts.

为有意提交手稿的作者提供说明和指南。

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the periodical.

介绍本期期刊的目录。

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广告：IEEE基金会。

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此页或这些页故意留白。

Provides a listing of current staff, committee members and society officers.

提供当前工作人员、委员会成员和学会官员的列表。