Volume 30, Issue 1

This paper presents a new supervised method for blood vessel detection in digital retinal images. This method uses a neural network (NN) scheme for pixel classification and computes a 7-D vector composed of gray-level and moment invariants-based features for pixel representation. The method was evaluated on the publicly available DRIVE and STARE databases, widely used for this purpose, since they contain retinal images where the vascular structure has been precisely marked by experts. Method performance on both sets of test images is better than other existing solutions in literature. The method proves especially accurate for vessel detection in STARE images. Its application to this database (even when the NN was trained on the DRIVE database) outperforms all analyzed segmentation approaches. Its effectiveness and robustness with different image conditions, together with its simplicity and fast implementation, make this blood vessel segmentation proposal suitable for retinal image computer analyses such as automated screening for early diabetic retinopathy detection.

本文提出了一种新的监督方法用于数字视网膜图像中的血管检测。该方法采用神经网络方案进行像素分类，并计算由灰度级和基于矩不变特征组成的7维向量用于像素表示。该方法在公开的DRIVE和STARE数据库上进行了评估，这两个数据库广泛用于此目的，因为它们包含由专家精确标记血管结构的视网膜图像。该方法在两个测试图像集上的性能优于文献中其他现有解决方案。该方法在STARE图像中的血管检测尤为准确。将其应用于该数据库（即使神经网络是在DRIVE数据库上训练的）也优于所有分析的分割方法。其在不同图像条件下的有效性和鲁棒性，以及简单性和快速实现，使得该血管分割方案适用于视网膜图像计算机分析，如早期糖尿病视网膜病变的自动筛查。

Backbone anatomical structure detection and labeling is a necessary step for various analysis tasks of the vertebral column. Appearance, shape and geometry measurements are necessary for abnormality detection locally at each disc and vertebrae (such as herniation) as well as globally for the whole spine (such as spinal scoliosis). We propose a two-level probabilistic model for the localization of ...

骨干解剖结构检测和标记是脊柱各种分析任务的必要步骤。外观、形状和几何测量对于局部检测每个椎间盘和椎骨（如椎间盘突出）以及整体检测整个脊柱（如脊柱侧弯）的异常是必要的。我们提出了一种用于定位...的两级概率模型

It is well known that the energy dependence of X-ray attenuation can be used to characterize materials. Yet, even with energy discriminating photon counting X-ray detectors, it is still unclear how to best form energy dependent measurements for spectral imaging. Common ideas include binning photon counts based on their energies and detectors with both photon counting and energy integrating electro...

众所周知，X射线衰减的能量依赖性可用于表征材料。然而，即使使用能量分辨光子计数X射线探测器，尚不清楚如何最好地形成用于光谱成像的能量依赖性测量。常见的想法包括根据能量对光子计数进行分箱，以及使用同时具有光子计数和能量积分功能的探测器...

A novel content-based heterogeneous information retrieval framework, particularly well suited to browse medical databases and support new generation computer aided diagnosis (CADx) systems, is presented in this paper. It was designed to retrieve possibly incomplete documents, consisting of several images and semantic information, from a database; more complex data types such as videos can also be ...

本文提出了一种新颖的基于内容的多源异构信息检索框架，特别适用于浏览医学数据库并支持新一代计算机辅助诊断（CADx）系统。该框架旨在从数据库中检索可能不完整的文档，这些文档由多幅图像和语义信息组成；视频等更复杂的数据类型也可以被处理……

The success of prostate brachytherapy critically depends on delivering adequate dose to the prostate gland. Intraoperative localization of the implanted seeds provides potential for dose evaluation and optimization during therapy. A reduced-dimensionality matching algorithm for prostate brachytherapy seed reconstruction (REDMAPS) that uses multiple X-ray fluoroscopy images obtained from different ...

近距离治疗的成功关键在于向前列腺提供足够的剂量。术中植入的种子定位为治疗期间的剂量评估和优化提供了可能。本文提出了一种用于前列腺近距离治疗种子重建的降维匹配算法（REDMAPS），该算法利用从不同角度获取的多个X射线透视图像...

In clinical diagnosis, a grade indicating the severity of nuclear cataract is often manually assigned by a trained ophthalmologist to a patient after comparing the lens' opacity severity in his/her slit-lamp images with a set of standard photos. This grading scheme is often subjective and time-consuming. In this paper, a novel computer-aided diagnosis method via ranking is proposed to facilitate n...

在临床诊断中，核性白内障的严重程度分级通常由训练有素的眼科医生在将患者的裂隙灯图像中的晶状体混浊程度与一组标准照片进行比较后手动分配。这种分级方案往往主观且耗时。本文提出了一种通过排序的新型计算机辅助诊断方法，以方便...

The combination of sensitive magnetic resonance techniques with a selective site-targeted nanoparticle contrast agent has a demonstrated utility for molecular imaging studies. By detecting a unique signature of the contrast agent, this approach can be employed to identify specific bio-molecular markers and observe cellular-level processes within a large and complex organism (e.g., in vivo rabbit)....

将灵敏的磁共振技术与选择性位点靶向纳米颗粒造影剂相结合，已被证明可用于分子成像研究。通过检测造影剂的独特信号，这种方法可以用于识别特定的生物分子标志物，并观察大型复杂生物体（例如，活体兔）内的细胞水平过程...

Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a leading modality in molecular imaging. Demands for further improvements in spatial resolution and sensitivity remain high with growing number of applications. In this paper we present a novel PET system design that integrates a high-resolution depth-of-interaction (DOI) detector into an existing PET system to obtain higher-resolution and higher-sensi...

正电子发射断层扫描（PET）已成为分子成像的主要方式。随着应用数量的增加，对空间分辨率和灵敏度的进一步改进的需求仍然很高。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的PET系统设计，将高分辨率深度相互作用（DOI）探测器集成到现有的PET系统中，以获得更高分辨率和更高灵敏度...

A supervised framework is presented for the automatic registration and segmentation of white matter (WM) tractographies extracted from brain DT-MRI. The framework relies on the direct registration between the fibers, without requiring any intensity-based registration as preprocessing. An affine transform is recovered together with a set of segmented fibers. A recently introduced probabilistic boos...

提出了一种监督框架，用于对从脑部DT-MRI中提取的白质纤维束进行自动配准和分割。该框架依赖于纤维之间的直接配准，无需任何基于强度的预处理配准。恢复了一个仿射变换以及一组分割后的纤维。最近引入的概率增强...

In medical simulations involving tissue deformation, the finite element method (FEM) is a widely used technique, where the size, shape, and placement of the elements in a model are important factors that affect the interpolation and numerical errors of a solution. Conventional model generation schemes for FEM consist of a segmentation step delineating the anatomy followed by a meshing step generat...

在涉及组织变形的医学模拟中，有限元法（FEM）是一种广泛使用的技术，其中模型中元素的大小、形状和位置是影响解插值和数值误差的重要因素。传统的有限元模型生成方案包括分割步骤（描绘解剖结构）和网格生成步骤...

This paper presents a novel approach to shape extraction and interpretation in 4-D cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data. Statistical modeling of spatiotemporal interlandmark relationships is performed to enable the decomposition of global shape constraints and subsequently of the image analysis tasks. The introduced descriptors furthermore provide invariance to similarity transformations and th...

本文提出了一种在4D心脏磁共振成像数据中进行形状提取与解释的新方法。通过建立时空地标间关系的统计模型，实现了全局形状约束的分解，进而简化了图像分析任务。所引入的描述符还提供了对相似变换的不变性，并...

We propose a method for improving the quality of cone-beam tomographic reconstruction done with a C-arm. C-arm scans frequently suffer from incomplete information due to image truncation, limited scan length, or other limitations. Our proposed “hybrid reconstruction” method injects information from a prior anatomical model, derived from a subject-specific computed tomography (CT) or from a statist...

我们提出了一种提高C臂锥束断层重建质量的方法。C臂扫描常因图像截断、扫描长度有限或其他限制而导致信息不完整。我们提出的“混合重建”方法从基于受试者特定计算机断层扫描（CT）或统计...

A first-principles task-based approach to the design of medical ultrasonic imaging systems for breast lesion discrimination is described. This study explores a new approximation to the ideal Bayesian observer strategy that allows for object heterogeneity. The new method, called iterative Wiener filtering, is implemented using echo data simulations and a phantom study. We studied five lesion featur...

描述了一种基于第一原理的任务导向方法，用于设计乳腺病变辨别的医学超声成像系统。本研究探索了一种新的近似理想贝叶斯观察者策略的方法，允许考虑对象的异质性。这种新方法称为迭代维纳滤波，通过回波数据模拟和体模研究实现。我们研究了五种病变特征...

Magnetic resonance (MR) guided optical breast imaging is a promising modality to improve the specificity of breast imaging, because it provides high-resolution quantitative maps of total hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, water content, and optical scattering. These properties have been shown to distinguish malignant from benign lesions. However, the optical detection hardware required for deep tissue...

磁共振（MR）引导的光学乳腺成像是一种有前途的模态，可以提高乳腺成像的特异性，因为它提供总血红蛋白、氧饱和度、水含量和光学散射的高分辨率定量图。这些特性已被证明可以区分恶性和良性病变。然而，深层组织所需的光学检测硬件...

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1045-1053, Aug. 08), the equation on p. 1052 should be corrected as presented here.

在上述标题论文（同上，第27卷，第8期，第1045-1053页，2008年8月）中，第1052页的公式应更正如下。

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此页或几页有意留白。

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提供即将出版的、对从业者和研究人员感兴趣的特刊的通知。

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广告：2011年IEEE会员表格。

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the periodical.

本期期刊目录。