Volume 32, Issue 7

Deformable image registration is a fundamental task in medical image processing. Among its most important applications, one may cite: 1) multi-modality fusion, where information acquired by different imaging devices or protocols is fused to facilitate diagnosis and treatment planning; 2) longitudinal studies, where temporal structural or anatomical changes are investigated; and 3) population modeling and statistical atlases used to study normal anatomical variability. In this paper, we attempt to give an overview of deformable registration methods, putting emphasis on the most recent advances in the domain. Additional emphasis has been given to techniques applied to medical images. In order to study image registration methods in depth, their main components are identified and studied independently. The most recent techniques are presented in a systematic fashion. The contribution of this paper is to provide an extensive account of registration techniques in a systematic manner.

可变形图像配准是医学图像处理中的一项基本任务。其最重要的应用包括：1) 多模态融合，其中不同成像设备或协议获取的信息被融合以促进诊断和治疗规划；2) 纵向研究，其中研究时间上的结构或解剖变化；以及3) 用于研究正常解剖变异的人群建模和统计图谱。本文试图对可变形配准方法进行概述，重点关注该领域的最新进展。此外，还特别强调了应用于医学图像的技术。为了深入研究图像配准方法，本文识别并独立研究了其主要组成部分。以系统的方式介绍了最新的技术。本文的贡献在于以系统的方式提供了配准技术的广泛描述。

Deformable image registration is an important tool in medical image analysis. In the case of lung computed tomography (CT) registration there are three major challenges: large motion of small features, sliding motions between organs, and changing image contrast due to compression. Recently, Markov random field (MRF)-based discrete optimization strategies have been proposed to overcome problems inv...

可变形图像配准是医学图像分析中的重要工具。在肺计算机断层扫描（CT）配准中，存在三个主要挑战：小特征的大运动、器官间的滑动运动以及由于压缩导致的图像对比度变化。最近，提出了基于马尔可夫随机场（MRF）的离散优化策略来克服这些问题……

Coherent plane wave compounding is a promising technique for achieving very high frame rate imaging without compromising image quality or penetration. However, this approach relies on the hypothesis that the imaged object is not moving during the compounded scan sequence, which is not the case in cardiovascular imaging. This work investigates the effect of tissue motion on retrospective transmit f...

相干平面波复合是一种在不牺牲图像质量或穿透力的情况下实现超高帧率成像的技术。然而，该方法依赖于一个假设：在复合扫描序列期间成像物体不移动，而这在心血管成像中并不成立。本文研究了组织运动对回顾性发射...的影响。

The evaluation of ventricular function is important for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. It typically involves measurement of the left ventricular (LV) mass and LV cavity volume. Manual delineation of the myocardial contours is time-consuming and dependent on the subjective experience of the expert observer. In this paper, a multi-atlas method is proposed for cardiac magnetic resonance (M...

心室功能的评估对于心血管疾病的诊断至关重要。通常涉及左心室质量（LV mass）和左心室腔容积（LV cavity volume）的测量。手动描绘心肌轮廓耗时且依赖于专家的主观经验。本文提出了一种用于心脏磁共振（M...

Automated whole breast ultrasound (ABUS) is an emerging screening tool for detecting breast abnormalities. In this study, a computer-aided detection (CADe) system based on multi-scale blob detection was developed for analyzing ABUS images. The performance of the proposed CADe system was tested using a database composed of 136 breast lesions (58 benign lesions and 78 malignant lesions) and 37 norma...

自动化全乳腺超声（ABUS）是一种新兴的用于检测乳腺异常的一种筛查工具。在本研究中，开发了一种基于多尺度斑点检测的计算机辅助检测（CADe）系统，用于分析ABUS图像。该CADe系统的性能通过一个由136个乳腺病变（58个良性病变和78个恶性病变）和37个正常...组成的数据库进行了测试。

The restoration of images corrupted by blur and Poisson noise is a key issue in medical and biological image processing. While most existing methods are based on variational models, generally derived from a maximum a posteriori (MAP) formulation, recently sparse representations of images have shown to be efficient approaches for image recovery. Following this idea, we propose in this paper a model...

恢复被模糊和泊松噪声污染的图像是医学和生物图像处理中的一个关键问题。虽然现有大多数方法基于变分模型（通常从最大后验（MAP）公式推导而来），但最近图像的稀疏表示已被证明是图像恢复的有效方法。遵循这一思路，本文提出了一种模型……

Photon-counting detector technology has enabled the first experimental investigations of energy-resolved computed tomography (CT) imaging and the potential use for K-edge imaging. However, limitations in regards to detecter technology have been imposing a limit to effective count rates. As a consequence, this has resulted in high noise levels in the obtained images given scan time limitations in C...

光子计数探测器技术使得能量分辨计算机断层扫描（CT）成像及其在K-edge成像中的潜在应用成为首次实验研究。然而，探测器技术的局限性限制了有效计数率。因此，考虑到扫描时间的限制，在获得的图像中出现了高噪声水平...

We introduce a novel approach for segmenting articulated spine shape models from medical images. A nonlinear low-dimensional manifold is created from a training set of mesh models to establish the patterns of global shape variations. Local appearance is captured from neighborhoods in the manifold once the overall representation converges. Inference with respect to the manifold and shape parameters...

我们提出了一种新方法，用于从医学图像中分割关节化的脊柱形状模型。通过从网格模型训练集创建非线性低维流形，建立全局形状变化模式。一旦整体表示收敛，从流形邻域捕获局部外观。关于流形和形状参数的推断...

In recent years Bregman iterative method (or related augmented Lagrangian method) has shown to be an efficient optimization technique for various inverse problems. In this paper, we propose a two-level Bregman Method with dictionary updating for highly undersampled magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction. The outer-level Bregman iterative procedure enforces the sampled k-space data constraint...

近年来，Bregman迭代方法（或相关的增广拉格朗日方法）已被证明是解决各种逆问题的高效优化技术。本文提出了一种带有字典更新的两级Bregman方法，用于高度欠采样磁共振（MR）图像重建。外层Bregman迭代过程强制执行采样的k空间数据约束...

In ophthalmology, detecting the biomechanical properties of the cornea can provide valuable information about various corneal pathologies, including keratoconus and the phototoxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the cornea. Also, the mechanical properties of the cornea can be used to evaluate the recovery from corneal refractive surgeries. Therefore, noninvasive and high-resolution estimation ...

在眼科中，检测角膜的生物力学特性可以提供关于各种角膜病理的有价值信息，包括圆锥角膜和紫外线对角膜的光毒性效应。此外，角膜的机械特性可用于评估角膜屈光手术后的恢复情况。因此，无创且高分辨率的估计...

The ability to find image similarities between two distinct endoscopic views is known as feature matching, and is essential in many robotic-assisted minimally-invasive surgery (MIS) applications. Differently from feature-tracking methods, feature matching does not make any restrictive assumption about the chronological order between the two images or about the organ motion, but first obtains a set...

在两个不同的内窥镜视图之间找到图像相似性的能力被称为特征匹配，这在许多机器人辅助微创手术应用中至关重要。与特征跟踪方法不同，特征匹配不对两幅图像的时间顺序或器官运动做出任何限制性假设，而是首先获取一组...

Tissue perfusion measurement using C-arm angiography systems capable of CT-like imaging (C-arm CT) is a novel technique with potentially high benefit for catheter guided treatment of stroke in the interventional suite. However, perfusion C-arm CT (PCCT) is challenging: the slow C-arm rotation speed only allows measuring samples of contrast time attenuation curves (TACs) every 5-6 s if reconstructi...

使用能够进行CT样成像（C臂CT）的C臂血管造影系统进行组织灌注测量是一种新技术，在介入手术室中对导管引导的中风治疗具有潜在的高效益。然而，灌注C臂CT（PCCT）具有挑战性：缓慢的C臂旋转速度仅允许每5-6秒测量一次对比时间衰减曲线（TAC）样本，如果重建...

The safety of endoscopic skull base surgery can be enhanced by accurate navigation in preoperative computed tomography (CT) or, more recently, intraoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT). The ability to register real-time endoscopic video with CBCT offers an additional advantage by rendering information directly within the visual scene to account for intraoperative anatomical change. However, tracker local...

通过术前计算机断层扫描（CT）或更近期的术中锥束CT（CBCT）进行精确导航，可以增强内窥镜颅底手术的安全性。将实时内窥镜视频与CBCT配准的能力通过直接在视觉场景中呈现信息以考虑术中解剖变化提供了额外优势。然而，跟踪器定位...

The amount of calibration data needed to produce images of adequate quality can prevent auto-calibrating parallel imaging reconstruction methods like generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) from achieving a high total acceleration factor. To improve the quality of calibration when the number of auto-calibration signal (ACS) lines is restricted, we propose a sparsity-pr...

产生足够质量图像所需的校准数据量可能会阻止自校准并行成像重建方法（如广义自校准部分并行采集（GRAPPA））实现高总加速因子。为了提高在校准信号（ACS）线数量受限时的校准质量，我们提出了一种稀疏性...

Synthetic phased array (SPA) beamforming with Hadamard coding and aperture weighting is an optimal option for real-time volumetric imaging with a ring array, a particularly attractive geometry in intracardiac and intravascular applications. However, the imaging frame rate of this method is limited by the immense computational load required in synthetic beamforming. For fast imaging with a ring arr...

采用哈达玛编码和孔径加权的合成相控阵波束形成是环形阵列实时三维成像的最佳选择，环形阵列在心内和血管内应用中具有特别吸引力的几何形状。然而，该方法的成像帧率受到合成波束形成所需巨大计算量的限制。为了与环形阵列实现快速成像...

Registration of histopathology to in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate is an important task that can be used to optimize in vivo imaging for cancer detection. Such registration is challenging due to the change in volume and deformation of the prostate during excision and fixation. One approach towards this problem involves the use of an ex vivo MRI of the excised prostate speci...

将组织病理学与前列腺在体磁共振成像（MRI）配准是一项重要任务，可用于优化在体成像以检测癌症。由于前列腺在切除和固定过程中体积和形变的变化，这种配准具有挑战性。解决该问题的一种方法是使用切除前列腺的离体MRI标本...

Equation 4 of the above-named article [ibid., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 893-903, Apr. 2011] is corrected herein.

本文对上述文章[同上，第30卷，第4期，第893-903页，2011年4月]中的方程4进行了更正。

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