Volume 32, Issue 8

Extraction of bone contours from radiographs plays an important role in disease diagnosis, preoperative planning, and treatment analysis. We present a fully automatic method to accurately segment the proximal femur in anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. A number of candidate positions are produced by a global search with a detector. Each is then refined using a statistical shape model together with local detectors for each model point. Both global and local models use Random Forest regression to vote for the optimal positions, leading to robust and accurate results. The performance of the system is evaluated using a set of 839 images of mixed quality. We show that the local search significantly outperforms a range of alternative matching techniques, and that the fully automated system is able to achieve a mean point-to-curve error of less than 0.9 mm for 99% of all 839 images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most accurate automatic method for segmenting the proximal femur in radiographs yet reported.

从X光片中提取骨骼轮廓在疾病诊断、术前规划和治疗分析中起着重要作用。我们提出了一种全自动方法，用于精确分割前后位骨盆X光片中的股骨近端。通过使用检测器的全局搜索产生多个候选位置，然后利用统计形状模型结合每个模型点的局部检测器对每个候选位置进行细化。全局和局部模型都使用随机森林回归投票来寻找最佳位置，从而得到稳健且准确的结果。使用一组839张质量多样的图像评估系统性能。我们表明，局部搜索显著优于一系列替代匹配技术，并且全自动系统能够在所有839张图像中99%的情况下实现平均点到曲线误差小于0.9毫米。据我们所知，这是迄今为止报道的在X光片中分割股骨近端最准确的自动方法。

Comb-push ultrasound shear elastography (CUSE) has recently been shown to be a fast and accurate 2-D elasticity imaging technique that can provide a full field-of-view (FOV) shear wave speed map with only one rapid data acquisition. The initial version of CUSE was termed U-CUSE because unfocused ultrasound push beams were used. In this paper, we present two new versions of CUSE-focused CUSE (F-CUS...

组合推送超声剪切弹性成像（CUSE）最近被证明是一种快速准确的二维弹性成像技术，只需一次快速数据采集即可提供全场剪切波速度图。最初的CUSE版本被称为U-CUSE，因为使用了非聚焦超声推送波束。在本文中，我们提出了两种新版本的CUSE——聚焦CUSE（F-CUS...

Magnetic particle imaging allows to determine the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in vivo. The system matrix in magnetic particle imaging is commonly acquired in a tedious calibration scan and requires to measure the system response at numerous positions in the field-of-view. In this paper, we propose a method that significantly reduces the number of required calibration scans. It e...

磁粒子成像能够确定体内磁性纳米颗粒的空间分布。磁粒子成像中的系统矩阵通常通过繁琐的校准扫描获取，需要在视场中的多个位置测量系统响应。在本文中，我们提出了一种显著减少所需校准扫描次数的方法。它...

A new graph-based approach for segmentation of luminal and external elastic lamina (EEL) surface of coronary vessels in gated 20 MHz intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image sequences (volumes) is presented. The approach consists of a fully automated segmentation stage (“new automated” or NA) and a user-guided computer-aided refinement (“new refinement” or NR) stage. Both approaches are based on the ...

提出了一种新的基于图形的分割方法，用于在门控20 MHz血管内超声（IVUS）图像序列（体积）中分割冠状动脉的管腔和外弹性膜（EEL）表面。该方法包括全自动分割阶段（“新自动”或NA）和用户引导的计算机辅助细化（“新细化”或NR）阶段。两种方法都基于……

Endovascular image-guided interventions (EIGI) involve navigation of a catheter through the vasculature followed by application of treatment at the site of anomaly using live 2D projection images for guidance. 3D images acquired prior to EIGI are used to quantify the vascular anomaly and plan the intervention. If fused with the information of live 2D images they can also facilitate navigation and ...

血管内图像引导干预（EIGI）涉及通过血管系统导航导管，然后使用实时二维投影图像在异常部位进行治疗。EIGI术前获取的三维图像用于量化血管异常和规划干预。如果与实时二维图像的信息融合，它们还可以促进导航并...

Bronchoscopy is a major step in lung cancer staging. To perform bronchoscopy, the physician uses a procedure plan, derived from a patient's 3D computed-tomography (CT) chest scan, to navigate the bronchoscope through the lung airways. Unfortunately, physicians vary greatly in their ability to perform bronchoscopy. As a result, image-guided bronchoscopy systems, drawing upon the concept of CT-based...

支气管镜检查是肺癌分期的重要步骤。进行支气管镜检查时，医生依据患者三维计算机断层扫描（CT）胸部扫描制定的手术计划，引导支气管镜通过气道。不幸的是，医生进行支气管镜检查的能力差异很大。因此，基于CT的影像引导支气管镜系统...

Detection of new Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important as a marker of disease activity and as a potential surrogate for relapses. We propose an approach where sequential scans are jointly segmented, to provide a temporally consistent tissue segmentation while remaining sensitive to newly appearing lesions. The method uses a two-stage classification proces...

在磁共振成像（MRI）上检测新的多发性硬化（MS）病变作为疾病活动标记和潜在的复发替代指标非常重要。我们提出了一种方法，将连续扫描联合分割，以提供时间一致的组织分割，同时对新出现的病变保持敏感。该方法使用两阶段分类过程...

Electromagnetic (EM) tracking is highly relevant for many computer assisted interventions. This is in particular due to the fact that the scientific community has not yet developed a general solution for tracking of flexible instruments within the human body. Electromagnetic tracking solutions are highly attractive for minimally invasive procedures, since they do not require line of sight. However...

电磁追踪与许多计算机辅助干预密切相关。这尤其因为科学界尚未开发出针对人体内柔性器械追踪的通用解决方案。电磁追踪解决方案对微创手术极具吸引力，因为它们不需要视线。然而...

Estimation of multiple T2 components within single imaging voxels typically proceeds in one of two ways; a nonparametric grid approximation to a continuous distribution is made and a regularized nonnegative least squares algorithm is employed to perform the parameter estimation, or a parametric multicomponent model is assumed with a maximum likelihood estimator for the component estimation. In thi...

单个成像体素内多个T2分量的估计通常以两种方式进行；一种是对连续分布进行非参数网格近似，并采用正则化非负最小二乘算法进行参数估计，或者假设参数化的多分量模型，并使用最大似然估计器进行分量估计。在本...

Magnetic resonance image (MRI) reconstruction from undersampled k-space data requires regularization to reduce noise and aliasing artifacts. Proper application of regularization however requires appropriate selection of associated regularization parameters. In this work, we develop a data-driven regularization parameter adjustment scheme that minimizes an estimate [based on the principle of Stein'...

从欠采样k-space数据中重建磁共振图像需要正则化以减少噪声和混叠伪影。然而，正确应用正则化需要适当选择相关的正则化参数。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种数据驱动的正则化参数调整方案，该方案最小化基于Stein原理的估计...

This paper presents a novel method for respiratory motion compensated reconstruction for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The reconstruction is based on a time sequence of motion vector fields, which is generated by a dynamic geometrical object shape model. The dynamic model is extracted from the 2D projection images of the CBCT. The process of the motion extraction is converted into an optim...

本文提出了一种用于锥束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）的呼吸运动补偿重建的新方法。该重建基于由动态几何物体形状模型生成的运动矢量场时间序列。该动态模型从CBCT的2D投影图像中提取。运动提取过程被转化为一个优化问题。

Quantifying the stiffness properties of soft tissues is essential for the diagnosis of many cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In these pathologies it is widely agreed that the arterial wall stiffness is an indicator of vulnerability. The present paper focuses on the carotid artery and proposes a new inversion methodology for deriving the stiffness properties of the wall from cine-MR...

量化软组织的刚度特性对于诊断许多心血管疾病（如动脉粥样硬化）至关重要。在这些病理中，普遍认为动脉壁刚度是脆弱性的指标。本文关注颈动脉，并提出了一种新的反演方法，用于从电影MRI图像中推导出壁的刚度特性...

Validation is required to ensure automated segmentation algorithms are suitable for radiotherapy target definition. In the absence of true segmentation, algorithmic segmentation is validated against expert outlining of the region of interest. Multiple experts are used to overcome inter-expert variability. Several approaches have been studied in the literature, but the most appropriate approach to ...

需要进行验证以确保自动分割算法适用于放射治疗靶区定义。在没有真实分割的情况下，算法分割通过专家对感兴趣区域的轮廓进行验证。使用多位专家来克服专家间的变异性。文献中研究了多种方法，但最合适的方法...

Although tractography can noninvasively map axonal pathways, current approaches are typically incomplete or computationally intensive. Fast, complete maps may serve as a useful clinical tool for assessing neurological disorders stemming from pathological anatomical connections such as epilepsy. We re-frame tractography in terms of logic and conditional probabilities. The formalism inherently inclu...

尽管纤维追踪可以无创地绘制轴突通路，但当前的方法通常不完整或计算密集。快速、完整的图谱可作为评估源于病理性解剖连接（如癫痫）的神经系统疾病的有用临床工具。我们以逻辑和条件概率重新定义纤维追踪。该形式化方法固有地包含...

A distinct feature of the tumor vasculature is its tortuosity and irregular branching of vessels, which can translate to a wider dispersion and higher variability of blood flow in the tumor. To enable tumor blood flow variability to be assessed in vivo by imaging, a tracer kinetic model that accounts for flow dispersion is developed for use with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) CT. The proposed mod...

肿瘤血管系统的一个显著特征是血管的扭曲和不规则分支，这可能导致肿瘤中血流分布更广、变异性更高。为了通过成像在体内评估肿瘤血流变异性，开发了一种考虑血流弥散的示踪动力学模型，用于动态对比增强（DCE）CT。所提出的模型...

Clinical use of the Stejskal-Tanner diffusion weighted images is hampered by the geometric distortions that result from the large residual 3-D eddy current field induced. In this work, we aimed to predict, using linear response theory, the residual 3-D eddy current field required for geometric distortion correction based on phantom eddy current field measurements. The predicted 3-D eddy current fi...

临床使用Stejskal-Tanner弥散加权图像受到由大的残余三维涡流场引起的几何失真的困扰。在这项工作中，我们旨在利用线性响应理论，基于体模涡流场测量来预测用于几何失真校正所需的残余三维涡流场。预测的三维涡流场...

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