Volume 33, Issue 5

Prostate cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death for men in the western world. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is being increasingly used as a modality to detect prostate cancer. Therefore, computer-aided detection of prostate cancer in MRI images has become an active area of research. In this paper we investigate a fully automated computer-aided detection system which consists of two stages. In the first stage, we detect initial candidates using multi-atlas-based prostate segmentation, voxel feature extraction, classification and local maxima detection. The second stage segments the candidate regions and using classification we obtain cancer likelihoods for each candidate. Features represent pharmacokinetic behavior, symmetry and appearance, among others. The system is evaluated on a large consecutive cohort of 347 patients with MR-guided biopsy as the reference standard. This set contained 165 patients with cancer and 182 patients without prostate cancer. Performance evaluation is based on lesion-based free-response receiver operating characteristic curve and patient-based receiver operating characteristic analysis. The system is also compared to the prospective clinical performance of radiologists. Results show a sensitivity of 0.42, 0.75, and 0.89 at 0.1, 1, and 10 false positives per normal case. In clinical workflow the system could potentially be used to improve the sensitivity of the radiologist. At the high specificity reading setting, which is typical in screening situations, the system does not perform significantly different from the radiologist and could be used as an independent second reader instead of a second radiologist. Furthermore, the system has potential in a first-reader setting.

前列腺癌是西方世界男性癌症死亡的主要原因之一。磁共振成像（MRI）作为一种检测前列腺癌的模态正被越来越多地使用。因此，在MRI图像中计算机辅助检测前列腺癌已成为一个活跃的研究领域。在本文中，我们研究了一个全自动的计算机辅助检测系统，该系统包括两个阶段。在第一阶段，我们使用基于多图谱的前列腺分割、体素特征提取、分类和局部最大值检测来检测初始候选点。第二阶段对候选区域进行分割，并通过分类获得每个候选点的癌症可能性。特征包括药代动力学行为、对称性和外观等。该系统在一个包括347名患者的大规模连续队列上进行评估，以MR引导活检作为参考标准。该队列包含165名癌症患者和182名非前列腺癌患者。性能评估基于病灶的自由响应受试者工作特征曲线和基于患者的受试者工作特征分析。该系统还与放射科医生的前瞻性临床表现进行了比较。结果显示，在每个正常病例中，假阳性率为0.1、1和10时，灵敏度分别为0.42、0.75和0.89。在临床工作流程中，该系统可能用于提高放射科医生的灵敏度。在典型筛查情境的高特异性读数设置下，该系统的表现与放射科医生无显著差异，并且可以用作独立的第二读者，而不是第二放射科医生。此外，该系统在第一读者设置中也有潜力。

Gold immunochromatographic strip assay provides a rapid, simple, single-copy and on-site way to detect the presence or absence of the target analyte. This paper aims to develop a method for accurately segmenting the test line and control line of the gold immunochromatographic strip (GICS) image for quantitatively determining the trace concentrations in the specimen, which can lead to more function...

金免疫层析试纸条测定提供了一种快速、简单、单次检测和现场检测目标分析物存在与否的方法。本文旨在开发一种方法，用于准确分割金免疫层析试纸条（GICS）图像的测试线和控制线，以定量测定标本中的痕量浓度，这可以导致更功能...

The multi-channel nature of digital histopathological images presents an opportunity to exploit the correlated color channel information for better image modeling. Inspired by recent work in sparsity for single channel image classification, we propose a new simultaneous sparsity model for multi-channel histopathological image representation and classification (SHIRC). Essentially, we represent a h...

数字组织病理学图像的多通道性质提供了利用相关颜色通道信息进行更好图像建模的机会。受近期单通道图像分类稀疏性工作的启发，我们提出了一种新的用于多通道组织病理学图像表示和分类的联合稀疏模型(SHIRC)。本质上，我们表示一个h...

In this paper different model-based methods of classification of global patterns in dermoscopic images are proposed. Global patterns identification is included in the pattern analysis framework, the melanoma diagnosis method most used among dermatologists. The modeling is performed in two senses: first a dermoscopic image is modeled by a finite symmetric conditional Markov model applied to L*a*b* ...

本文提出了几种基于模型的皮肤镜图像全局模式分类方法。全局模式识别是模式分析框架的一部分，是皮肤科医生最常用的黑色素瘤诊断方法。建模从两个角度进行：首先，使用有限对称条件马尔可夫模型对皮肤镜图像进行建模，应用于L*a*b*色彩空间...

2D/3D registration of patient vasculature from preinterventional computed tomography angiography (CTA) to interventional X-ray angiography is of interest to improve guidance in percutaneous coronary interventions. In this paper we present a novel feature based 2D/3D registration framework, that is based on probabilistic point correspondences, and show its usefulness on aligning 3D coronary artery ...

将术前计算机断层血管造影（CTA）中的患者血管结构配准到术中X射线血管造影，对于改善经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的引导具有重要意义。本文提出了一种基于概率点对应的新型特征2D/3D配准框架，并展示了其在三维冠状动脉对齐中的有效性。

The purpose of this study was to increase the sensitivity of XFCT imaging by optimizing the data acquisition geometry for reduced scatter X-rays. The placement of detectors and detector energy window were chosen to minimize scatter X-rays. We performed both theoretical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations of this optimized detector configuration on a mouse-sized phantom containing various gold...

本研究的目的是通过优化数据采集几何以减少散射X射线来增加XFCT成像的灵敏度。选择探测器的位置和探测器能量窗口以最小化散射X射线。我们在含有各种金的小鼠体模上对该优化探测器配置进行了理论计算和蒙特卡罗模拟。

Optoacoustic tomography (OAT), also known as photoacoustic tomography, is an emerging computed biomedical imaging modality that exploits optical contrast and ultrasonic detection principles. Iterative image reconstruction algorithms that are based on discrete imaging models are actively being developed for OAT due to their ability to improve image quality by incorporating accurate models of the im...

光声层析成像（OAT），也称为光声断层扫描，是一种新兴的计算生物医学成像模式，利用光学对比度和超声检测原理。基于离散成像模型的迭代图像重建算法正在积极开发中，因为它们能够通过纳入准确的成像模型来提高图像质量...

Digital image-based elasto-tomography (DIET) is a prototype system for breast cancer screening. A breast is imaged while being vibrated, and the observed surface motion is used to infer the internal stiffness of the breast, hence identifying tumors. This paper describes a computer vision system for accurately measuring 3-D surface motion. A model-based segmentation is used to identify the profile ...

基于数字图像的弹性断层扫描(DIET)是一种用于乳腺癌筛查的原型系统。在乳房振动时对其进行成像，通过观察到的表面运动来推断乳房内部硬度，从而识别肿瘤。本文描述了一种用于精确测量三维表面运动的计算机视觉系统。采用基于模型的分割来识别轮廓……

Routine ultrasound exam in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy involves manually measuring fetal head and brain structures in 2-D scans. The procedure requires a sonographer to find the standardized visualization planes with a probe and manually place measurement calipers on the structures of interest. The process is tedious, time consuming, and introduces user variability into the measur...

妊娠中期和晚期的常规超声检查涉及在二维扫描中手动测量胎儿头部和大脑结构。该过程要求超声技师用探头找到标准化的可视化平面，并手动将测量标尺放置在感兴趣的结构上。这个过程繁琐、耗时，并且在测量中引入了用户变异。

Quantification of regional myocardial motion and deformation from cardiac ultrasound is fostering considerable research efforts. Despite the tremendous improvements done in the field, all existing approaches still face a common limitation which is intrinsically connected with the formation of the ultrasound images. Specifically, the reduced lateral resolution and the absence of phase information i...

通过心脏超声对局部心肌运动和形变进行定量分析正推动着广泛研究。尽管该领域取得了巨大进展，但所有现有方法仍面临一个与超声图像形成内在相关的共同局限：即横向分辨率降低以及相位信息的缺失。

We study the problem of joint registration and deformation analysis of endometrial tissue using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2D trans-vaginal ultrasound (TVUS) measurements. In addition to the different imaging techniques involved in the two modalities, this problem is complicated due to: 1) different patient pose during MRI and TVUS observations, 2) the 3D nature of MRI and 2D nature o...

我们研究了使用三维磁共振成像（MRI）和二维经阴道超声（TVUS）测量进行子宫内膜组织联合配准和变形分析的问题。除了两种模态中涉及的不同成像技术外，该问题还因以下原因而复杂化：1）MRI和TVUS观察期间患者体位不同，2）MRI的三维性质和TVUS的二维性质...

In clinical practice, echocardiographers are often unkeen to make the significant time investment to make additional multiple measurements of Doppler velocity. Main hurdle to obtaining multiple measurements is the time required to manually trace a series of Doppler traces. To make it easier to analyze more beats, we present the description of an application system for automated aortic Doppler enve...

在临床实践中，超声心动图医生通常不愿投入大量时间进行额外的多次多普勒速度测量。获得多次测量的主要障碍是手动追踪一系列多普勒轨迹所需的时间。为了更容易分析更多的心搏，我们介绍了一种用于自动主动脉多普勒包络的应用系统描述。

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) utilizes broadband ultrasound detection for imaging biologically-relevant optical absorption features at a range of scales. Due to the multiscale and multispectral features of the technology, MSOT comes with distinct requirements in implementation and data analysis. In this work, we investigate the interplay between scale, which depends on ultrasonic de...

多光谱光声层析成像（MSOT）利用宽带超声检测技术，在多种尺度上成像与生物相关的光学吸收特征。由于该技术的多尺度和多光谱特性，MSOT在实现和数据分析方面有独特的要求。在这项工作中，我们研究了尺度（依赖于超声检测）与...之间的相互作用。

Repetitive and alternating lower limb movements are a specific component of human gait. Due to technical challenges, the neural mechanisms underlying such movements have not been previously studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we present a novel treadmill device employed to investigate the kinematics and the brain activation patterns involved in alternating and repeti...

重复和交替的下肢运动是人类步态的一个特定组成部分。由于技术挑战，之前未曾使用功能磁共振成像研究此类运动背后的神经机制。在本研究中，我们提出了一种新型跑步机装置，用于研究交替和重复运动中的运动学和脑激活模式。

In a positron emission tomography (PET) study, the local uptake of the tracer is dependent on vascular delivery and retention. For dynamic studies the measured uptake time-course information can be best interpreted when knowledge of the time-course of tracer in the blood is available. This is certainly true for the most established tracers such as 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 15O-Water (H 2O)....

在正电子发射断层扫描（PET）研究中，示踪剂的局部摄取依赖于血管输送和滞留。对于动态研究，当了解血液中示踪剂的时间过程信息时，可以最好地解释测量的摄取时间过程。这对于最成熟的示踪剂如18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）和15O-水（H2O）确实如此......

Diffusion tensor imaging is widely used in brain connectivity research. As more and more studies recruit large numbers of subjects, it is important to design registration methods which are not only theoretically rigorous, but also computationally efficient. However, the requirement of reorienting diffusion tensors complicates and considerably slows down registration procedures, due to the correlat...

扩散张量成像广泛用于脑连接研究。随着越来越多的研究招募大量受试者，设计不仅理论上严谨而且计算高效的方法变得重要。然而，由于重定向扩散张量的要求使得配准过程复杂化并显著减慢，因为相关性...

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