Volume 34, Issue 9

Automated detection of blood vessel structures is becoming of crucial interest for better management of vascular disease. In this paper, we propose a new infinite active contour model that uses hybrid region information of the image to approach this problem. More specifically, an infinite perimeter regularizer, provided by using ${\cal L}^{2}$ Lebesgue measure of the $\gamma$ -neighborhood of boundaries, allows for better detection of small oscillatory (branching) structures than the traditional models based on the length of a feature's boundaries (i.e., ${\cal H}^{1}$ Hausdorff measure). Moreover, for better general segmentation performance, the proposed model takes the advantage of using different types of region information, such as the combination of intensity information and local phase based enhancement map. The local phase based enhancement map is used for its superiority in preserving vessel edges while the given image intensity information will guarantee a correct feature's segmentation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed model by applying it to three public retinal image datasets (two datasets of color fundus photography and one fluorescein angiography dataset). The proposed model outperforms its competitors when compared with other widely used unsupervised and supervised methods. For example, the sensitivity (0.742), specificity (0.982) and accuracy (0.954) achieved on the DRIVE dataset are very close to those of the second observer's annotations.

血管结构的自动检测对于血管疾病的更好管理变得越来越重要。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的无限活动轮廓模型，该模型利用图像的混合区域信息来解决这个问题。具体来说，通过使用边界γ邻域的L^2 Lebesgue测度提供的无限周长正则化器，比基于特征边界长度（即H^1 Hausdorff测度）的传统模型能够更好地检测小的振荡（分支）结构。此外，为了获得更好的通用分割性能，所提出的模型利用了不同类型区域信息的优势，例如强度信息和基于局部相位的增强图的组合。基于局部相位的增强图因其在保持血管边缘方面的优越性而被使用，而给定的图像强度信息将保证特征的正确分割。我们通过将所提出的模型应用于三个公开的视网膜图像数据集（两个彩色眼底摄影数据集和一个荧光血管造影数据集）来评估其性能。与其他广泛使用的无监督和监督方法相比，所提出的模型优于其竞争对手。例如，在DRIVE数据集上实现的灵敏度（0.742）、特异性（0.982）和准确率（0.954）非常接近第二位观察者的标注结果。

Clinical annotations, such as voxel-wise binary or probabilistic tissue segmentations, structural parcellations, pathological regions-of-interest and anatomical landmarks are key to many clinical studies. However, due to the time consuming nature of manually generating these annotations, they tend to be scarce and limited to small subsets of data. This work explores a novel framework to propagate ...

临床注释，如体素级二元或概率组织分割、结构分区、病理感兴趣区域和解剖标志，是许多临床研究的关键。然而，由于手动生成这些注释耗时，它们往往稀缺且仅限于小数据子集。本文探索了一种新颖的框架来传播...

Cephalometric analysis is an essential clinical and research tool in orthodontics for the orthodontic analysis and treatment planning. This paper presents the evaluation of the methods submitted to the Automatic Cephalometric X-Ray Landmark Detection Challenge, held at the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2014 with an on-site competition. The challenge was set to explore and comp...

头颅测量分析是正畸学中用于正畸分析和治疗计划的重要临床和研究工具。本文介绍了在IEEE国际生物医学成像研讨会2014上举办的自动头颅测量X光标志检测挑战赛（附现场竞赛）中提交的方法的评估。该挑战旨在探索和比较...

Capturing an enclosing volume of moving subjects and organs using fast individual image slice acquisition has shown promise in dealing with motion artefacts. Motion between slice acquisitions results in spatial inconsistencies that can be resolved by slice-to-volume reconstruction (SVR) methods to provide high quality 3D image data. Existing algorithms are, however, typically very slow, specialise...

通过快速采集单个图像切片来捕捉运动对象和器官的整体体积，在处理运动伪影方面显示出前景。切片采集之间的运动导致空间不一致性，可通过切片到体数据重建（SVR）方法解决，以提供高质量的3D图像数据。然而，现有算法通常非常慢，专门...

The amount of coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular events. We present a system that automatically quantifies total patient and per coronary artery CAC in non-contrast-enhanced, ECG-triggered cardiac CT. The system identifies candidate calcifications that cannot be automatically labeled with high certainty and optionally presents these to an ex...

冠状动脉钙化（CAC）的量是心血管事件的强有力独立预测因子。我们提出了一个系统，该系统在非增强、心电图门控心脏CT中自动量化患者总体和每条冠状动脉的CAC。该系统识别无法高置信度自动标记的候选钙化，并可选择将其呈现给...

Electric properties tomography (EPT) is an imaging modality to reconstruct the electric conductivity and permittivity inside the human body based on B1+ maps acquired by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Current implementations of EPT are based on the local Maxwell equations and assume piecewise constant media. The accuracy of the reconstructed maps may therefore be sensitive to noise and...

电阻抗断层成像（EPT）是一种基于磁共振成像（MRI）系统获取的B1+图重建人体内电导率和介电常数的成像模态。目前的EPT实现基于局部麦克斯韦方程并假设分段常数介质，因此重建图的准确性可能对噪声敏感……

It has recently been shown that the attenuation map can be estimated from time-of-flight (TOF) PET emission data using joint maximum likelihood reconstruction of attenuation and activity (MLAA). In this work, we propose a novel MRI-guided MLAA algorithm for emission-based attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MR imaging. The algorithm imposes MR spatial and CT statistical constraints on the MLA...

最近研究表明，利用衰减和活度的联合最大似然重建（MLAA），可以从飞行时间（TOF）PET发射数据中估计衰减图。本文提出了一种新颖的MRI引导的MLAA算法，用于全身PET/MR成像中基于发射的衰减校正。该算法将MR空间和CT统计约束施加于MLA...

Digital topology and geometry refers to the use of topologic and geometric properties and features for images defined in digital grids. Such methods have been widely used in many medical imaging applications, including image segmentation, visualization, manipulation, interpolation, registration, surface-tracking, object representation, correction, quantitative morphometry etc. Digital topology and...

数字拓扑与几何是指利用拓扑和几何属性与特征对数字网格中的图像进行分析。这些方法已广泛应用于许多医学影像应用，包括图像分割、可视化、操作、插值、配准、表面追踪、对象表示、校正、定量形态测量等。数字拓扑与...

Motion of the heart has complicated in vivo applications of cardiac diffusion MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), especially in small animals such as rats where ultra-high-performance gradient sets are currently not available. Even with velocity compensation via, for example, bipolar encoding pulses, the variable shot-to-shot residual motion-induced spin phase can still give rise to pronounced...

心脏的运动使得心脏扩散MRI和扩散张量成像（DTI）的体内应用变得复杂，尤其是在小动物如大鼠中，目前尚不具备超高性能梯度集。即使通过例如双极编码脉冲进行速度补偿，可变逐次残余运动诱导的自旋相位仍可能导致明显的...

In this work, a multimodal approach is proposed to use the complementary information from fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) volumes in order to segment the optic disc and cup boundaries. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem where the optimal solution is obtained using a machine-learning theoretical graph-based method. In particular, first ...

本文提出了一种多模态方法，利用眼底照片和光谱域光学相干断层扫描（SD-OCT）体积的互补信息来分割视盘和视杯边界。该问题被形式化为一个优化问题，其中最优解通过基于机器学习理论的图方法获得。具体而言，首先...

Sparse systems are usually parameterized by a tuning parameter that determines the sparsity of the system. How to choose the right tuning parameter is a fundamental and difficult problem in learning the sparse system. In this paper, by treating the the tuning parameter as an additional dimension, persistent homological structures over the parameter space is introduced and explored. The structures ...

稀疏系统通常由一个决定系统稀疏性的调谐参数来参数化。如何选择正确的调谐参数是学习稀疏系统中的一个基本且困难的问题。本文通过将调谐参数视为一个额外维度，引入并探索了参数空间上的持续同调结构。这些结构...

We present a novel probabilistic shape representation that implicitly includes prior anatomical volume and adjacency information, termed the generalized log-ratio (GLR) representation. We demonstrate the usefulness of this representation in the task of thigh muscle segmentation. Analysis of the shapes and sizes of thigh muscles can lead to a better understanding of the effects of chronic obstructi...

我们提出了一种新颖的概率形状表示方法，称为广义对数比率（GLR）表示，它隐式地包含了先验解剖体积和邻域信息。我们展示了该表示在大腿肌肉分割任务中的有用性。分析大腿肌肉的形状和大小可以更好地理解慢性阻塞性...

Automated quantitative analysis systems for medical images often lack the capability to successfully process images from multiple sources. Normalization of such images prior to further analysis is a possible solution to this limitation. This work presents a general method to normalize medical images and thoroughly investigates its effectiveness for chest radiography (CXR). The method starts with a...

医学图像的自动定量分析系统通常缺乏成功处理来自多个来源的图像的能力。在进一步分析之前对这些图像进行归一化是解决这一限制的可能方案。本文提出了一种通用的医学图像归一化方法，并深入研究了其在胸部X线摄影（CXR）中的有效性。该方法始于...

Conventional image restoration algorithms use transform-domain filters, which separate the noise from the sparse signal among the transform components or apply spatial smoothing filters in real space whose design relies on prior assumptions about the noise statistics. These filters also reduce the information content of the image by suppressing spatial frequencies or by recognizing only a limited ...

传统的图像恢复算法使用变换域滤波器，将噪声与稀疏信号在变换分量中分离，或在实空间中应用空间平滑滤波器，其设计依赖于噪声统计的先验假设。这些滤波器通过抑制空间频率或仅识别有限的...来减少图像的信息内容。

Free induction decay (FID) navigators were found to qualitatively detect rigid-body head movements, yet it is unknown to what extent they can provide quantitative motion estimates. Here, we acquired FID navigators at different sampling rates and simultaneously measured head movements using a highly accurate optical motion tracking system. This strategy allowed us to estimate the accuracy and preci...

研究发现自由感应衰减（FID）导航器可以定性检测刚性头部运动，但其提供定量运动估计的能力尚不清楚。本研究在不同采样率下采集FID导航器，并同时使用高精度光学运动跟踪系统测量头部运动。该策略使我们能够评估准确度和精...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important imaging technique for quantifying the spatial location and magnitude/direction of longitudinal cartilage morphology changes in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Although several analytical methods, such as subregion-based analysis, have been developed to refine and improve quantitative cartilage analyses, they can be suboptimal due to two m...

磁共振成像（MRI）已成为量化骨关节炎（OA）患者纵向软骨形态变化的空间位置和幅度/方向的重要成像技术。尽管已经开发了多种分析方法，如基于子区域的分析，以改进和优化定量软骨分析，但由于两个问题，这些方法可能并非最佳......

The accurate determination of the local impulse response and the covariance in voxels from penalized maximum likelihood reconstructed images requires performing reconstructions from many noise realizations of the projection data. As this is usually a very time-consuming process, efficient analytical approximations based on the Fisher information matrix (FIM) have been extensively used in PET and S...

从惩罚最大似然重建图像中精确确定局部脉冲响应和体素协方差需要从投影数据的多个噪声实现进行重建。由于这通常是一个非常耗时的过程，基于Fisher信息矩阵(FIM)的高效分析近似已在PET和S...中广泛使用

Presents corrections to the article, “Regression segmentation for $M^{3}$ spinal images,” (Wang, Z., et al.) IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1640–1648, Aug. 2008.

给出对文章“M^{3}脊柱图像的回归分割”（Wang, Z., 等）的更正，该文发表于IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., 第34卷, 第8期, 第1640-1648页, 2008年8月。

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

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Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

请有意投稿的作者提交新的、未发表的手稿，以便纳入本次征稿通知中描述的即将举行的活动。

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Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

请有意投稿的作者提交新的、未发表的稿件，以便纳入本次征稿通知中描述的即将举行的活动。