Volume 34, Issue 10

In this paper we report the set-up and results of the Multimodal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark (BRATS) organized in conjunction with the MICCAI 2012 and 2013 conferences. Twenty state-of-the-art tumor segmentation algorithms were applied to a set of 65 multi-contrast MR scans of low- and high-grade glioma patients—manually annotated by up to four raters—and to 65 comparable scans generated using tumor image simulation software. Quantitative evaluations revealed considerable disagreement between the human raters in segmenting various tumor sub-regions (Dice scores in the range 74%–85%), illustrating the difficulty of this task. We found that different algorithms worked best for different sub-regions (reaching performance comparable to human inter-rater variability), but that no single algorithm ranked in the top for all sub-regions simultaneously. Fusing several good algorithms using a hierarchical majority vote yielded segmentations that consistently ranked above all individual algorithms, indicating remaining opportunities for further methodological improvements. The BRATS image data and manual annotations continue to be publicly available through an online evaluation system as an ongoing benchmarking resource.

本文报告了与MICCAI 2012和2013会议联合组织的多模态脑肿瘤图像分割基准（BRATS）的设置和结果。我们将20种最先进的肿瘤分割算法应用于一组65个低级别和高级别胶质瘤患者的多对比度MR扫描（由最多四位评分者手动标注）以及65个可比较的生成扫描...

In neuroimaging studies, pathologies can present themselves as abnormal intensity patterns. Thus, solutions for detecting abnormal intensities are currently under investigation. As each patient is unique, an unbiased and biologically plausible model of pathological data would have to be able to adapt to the subject's individual presentation. Such a model would provide the means for a better unders...

在神经影像研究中，病理可以表现为异常强度模式。因此，目前正在研究检测异常强度的解决方案。由于每个患者都是独一无二的，一个无偏且生物学上合理的病理数据模型必须能够适应受试者的个体表现。这样的模型将提供更好的理解手段...

Ulcer is one of the most common symptoms of many serious diseases in the human digestive tract. Especially for the ulcers in the small bowel where other procedures cannot adequately visualize, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is increasingly being used in the diagnosis and clinical management. Because WCE generates large amount of images from the whole process of inspection, computer-aided detecti...

溃疡是人类消化道许多严重疾病最常见的症状之一。尤其是对于其他检查手段难以充分可视化的小肠溃疡，无线胶囊内镜（WCE）越来越多地用于诊断和临床管理。由于WCE在整个检查过程中会产生大量图像，计算机辅助检测...

Task-based fMRI (tfMRI) has been widely used to explore functional brain networks via predefined stimulus paradigm in the fMRI scan. Traditionally, the general linear model (GLM) has been a dominant approach to detect task-evoked networks. However, GLM focuses on task-evoked or event-evoked brain responses and possibly ignores the intrinsic brain functions. In comparison, dictionary learning and s...

基于任务的fMRI（tfMRI）已被广泛用于通过fMRI扫描中预定义的刺激范式来探索功能性脑网络。传统上，一般线性模型（GLM）一直是检测任务诱发网络的主要方法。然而，GLM侧重于任务诱发或事件诱发的脑反应，可能会忽略内在的大脑功能。相比之下，字典学习和...

The ensemble average diffusion propagator (EAP) obtained from diffusion MRI (dMRI) data captures important structural properties of the underlying tissue. As such, it is imperative to derive an accurate estimate of the EAP from the acquired diffusion data. In this work, we propose a novel method for estimating the EAP by representing the diffusion signal as a linear combination of directional radi...

从扩散磁共振成像（dMRI）数据获得的集合平均扩散传播子（EAP）捕捉了底层组织的重要结构特性。因此，从采集的扩散数据中准确估计EAP至关重要。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新方法，通过将扩散信号表示为方向径向基函数的线性组合来估计EAP。

A new vascular structure segmentation method, which is based on a cylindrical flux-based higher order tensor (HOT), is presented. On a vessel structure, the HOT naturally models branching points, which create challenges for vessel segmentation algorithms. In a general linear HOT model embedded in 3D, one has to work with an even order tensor due to an enforced antipodal-symmetry on the unit sphere...

提出了一种基于圆柱通量高阶张量（HOT）的新型血管结构分割方法。在血管结构上，高阶张量自然地模拟了分支点，这给血管分割算法带来了挑战。在嵌入3D的一般线性HOT模型中，由于在单位球面上强制施加对映对称性，必须使用偶数阶张量...

The statistics of many MR magnitude images are described by the non-central chi (NCC) family of probability distributions, which includes the Rician distribution as a special case. These distributions have complicated negative log-likelihoods that are nontrivial to optimize. This paper describes a novel majorize-minimize framework for NCC data that allows penalized maximum likelihood estimates to ...

许多MR幅度图像的统计由非中心卡方（NCC）概率分布族描述，其中Rician分布作为特例。这些分布具有复杂的负对数似然函数，优化起来相当困难。本文描述了一种针对NCC数据的新型主化-最小化框架，该框架允许惩罚最大似然估计...

Quantification of knee meniscus degeneration and displacement in an ultrasound image requires simultaneous segmentation of femoral condyle, meniscus, and tibial plateau in order to determine the area and the position of the meniscus. In this paper, we present an active contour for image segmentation that uses scalable local regional information on expandable kernel (LREK). It includes using a stra...

超声图像中膝关节半月板退变和移位的量化需要同时分割股骨髁、半月板和胫骨平台，以确定半月板的面积和位置。本文提出了一种用于图像分割的活动轮廓，它使用了可扩展核上的可缩放局部区域信息（LREK）。其中包括使用一条直...

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a noninvasive full-field optical technique which allows analyzing the dynamics of microvascular blood flow. LSCI has attracted attention because it is able to image blood flow in different kinds of tissue with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Additionally, it is simple and necessitates low-cost devices. However, the physiological information that can ...

激光散斑对比成像（LSCI）是一种无创全场光学技术，可用于分析微血管血流动力学。LSCI因其能够以高空间和时间分辨率对不同组织中的血流进行成像而受到关注。此外，它简单且成本低廉。然而，可以获得的生理信息...

Contrast agent enhanced cone beam computed tomography (CE-CBCT), a technique capable of high-resolution in vivo imaging with small radiation dose, has been applied successfully for clinical diagnostics of cartilage degeneration, i.e., osteoarthritis (OA). As an X-ray technique, CE-CBCT may also detect changes in mineral density of subchondral bone (volumetric bone mineral density, vBMD), known to ...

对比剂增强锥形束计算机断层扫描（CE-CBCT）是一种能够以低辐射剂量进行高分辨率体内成像的技术，已成功应用于软骨退化（即骨关节炎，OA）的临床诊断。作为一种X射线技术，CE-CBCT还可以检测软骨下骨矿物质密度的变化（体积骨矿物质密度，vBMD），已知...

A modification to our previous simulation of breast anatomy is proposed to improve the quality of simulated x-ray projections images. The image quality is affected by the voxel size of the simulation. Large voxels can cause notable spatial quantization artifacts; small voxels extend the generation time and increase the memory requirements. An improvement in image quality is achievable without redu...

提出对我们先前乳房解剖模拟的改进，以提升模拟X射线投影图像的质量。图像质量受模拟体素大小影响。大体会产生明显的空间量化伪影；小体素则延长生成时间并增加内存需求。在不降低质量的前提下可实现图像质量的提升……

Minimally invasive valvular intervention commonly requires intra-procedural navigation to provide spatial and temporal information of relevant cardiac structures and device components. Recently intra-procedural trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been exploited for this purpose due to its accessibility, low cost, ease of use, and real-time imaging capacity. However, the position and orient...

微创瓣膜介入通常需要术内导航来提供相关心脏结构和器械组件的空间和时间信息。最近，由于经食管超声心动图（TEE）的可及性、低成本、易用性和实时成像能力，它已被用于此目的。然而，其位置和方向...

Intrinsic or data-driven respiratory and cardiac motion detection often track the center-of-mass (COM) change in PET data to derive a motion gating signal. The effectiveness of this method depends on the contrast of the moving target to the relatively stationary background. The stationary background leads to a reduced COM displacement in PET data. Further, the COM calculated using axially truncate...

内在或数据驱动的呼吸和心脏运动检测通常跟踪PET数据中的质心（COM）变化以获得运动门控信号。该方法的有效性取决于运动目标与相对静止背景的对比度。静止背景导致PET数据中COM位移减小。此外，使用轴向截断计算的COM...

In waveform design for magnetic resonance applications, periodic continuous-wave excitation offers potential advantages that remain largely unexplored because of a lack of understanding of the Bloch equation with periodic continuous-wave excitations. Using harmonic balancing techniques the steady state solutions of the Bloch equation with periodic excitation can be effectively solved. Moreover, th...

在磁共振应用的波形设计中，周期性连续波激励提供了潜在优势，但由于对周期性连续波激励的布洛赫方程缺乏理解，这些优势在很大程度上尚未被探索。利用谐波平衡技术，可以有效地求解周期性激励下布洛赫方程的稳态解。此外，......

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介绍本期刊的目录。

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Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

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