Volume 35, Issue 8

Staining and scanning of tissue samples for microscopic examination is fraught with undesirable color variations arising from differences in raw materials and manufacturing techniques of stain vendors, staining protocols of labs, and color responses of digital scanners. When comparing tissue samples, color normalization and stain separation of the tissue images can be helpful for both pathologists and software. Techniques that are used for natural images fail to utilize structural properties of stained tissue samples and produce undesirable color distortions. The stain concentration cannot be negative. Tissue samples are stained with only a few stains and most tissue regions are characterized by at most one effective stain. We model these physical phenomena that define the tissue structure by first decomposing images in an unsupervised manner into stain density maps that are sparse and non-negative. For a given image, we combine its stain density maps with stain color basis of a pathologist-preferred target image, thus altering only its color while preserving its structure described by the maps. Stain density correlation with ground truth and preference by pathologists were higher for images normalized using our method when compared to other alternatives. We also propose a computationally faster extension of this technique for large whole-slide images that selects an appropriate patch sample instead of using the entire image to compute the stain color basis.

组织样本的染色和扫描用于显微镜检查时，由于染色剂原材料和生产工艺、实验室染色方案以及数字扫描仪颜色响应的差异，常常会出现不理想的颜色变化。在比较组织样本时，颜色归一化和染色分离对病理学家和软件都有帮助。用于自然图像的技术未能利用染色组织样本的结构特性，从而产生不理想的颜色失真。染色浓度不能为负。组织样本仅用少数几种染色剂染色，且大多数组织区域至多由一种有效染色剂表征。我们通过首先以无监督方式将图像分解为稀疏且非负的染色密度图，来模拟这些定义组织结构的物理现象。对于给定图像，我们将其染色密度图与病理学家偏好的目标图像的染色颜色基相结合，从而仅改变其颜色，同时保留由密度图描述的结构。与其他方法相比，使用我们的方法归一化的图像在染色密度与真实值的相关性以及病理学家的偏好方面均更高。我们还提出了一种计算上更快的扩展技术，用于大型全切片图像，该技术选择合适的斑块样本而非使用整个图像来计算染色颜色基。

A recent entry into the rapidly evolving field of integrated PET/MR scanners is presented in this paper: a whole body hybrid PET/MR system (SIGNA PET/MR, GE Healthcare) capable of simultaneous acquisition of both time-of-flight (TOF) PET and high resolution MR data. The PET ring was integrated into an existing 3T MR system resulting in a (patient) bore opening of 60 cm diameter, with a 25 cm axial...

本文介绍了快速发展的集成PET/MR扫描仪领域的最新成果：一种全身混合PET/MR系统（SIGNA PET/MR，GE Healthcare），能够同时采集飞行时间（TOF）PET和高分辨率MR数据。PET环被集成到现有的3T MR系统中，形成直径60厘米的患者孔径，轴向视野25厘米...

This paper introduces a statistical estimation framework for magnetic resonance (MR) fingerprinting, a recently proposed quantitative imaging paradigm. Within this framework, we present a maximum likelihood (ML) formalism to estimate multiple MR tissue parameter maps directly from highly undersampled, noisy ${\bf k}$-space data. A novel algorithm, based on variable splitting, the alternating direc...

本文介绍了一种用于磁共振指纹成像的统计估计框架，这是一种最近提出的定量成像范式。在该框架下，我们提出了一种最大似然形式体系，直接从高度欠采样、含噪声的k空间数据估计多个MR组织参数图。一种基于变量分裂和交替方向的新算法...

Analysis of cranial nerve systems, such as the anterior visual pathway (AVP), from MRI sequences is challenging due to their thin long architecture, structural variations along the path, and low contrast with adjacent anatomic structures. Segmentation of a pathologic AVP (e.g., with low-grade gliomas) poses additional challenges. In this work, we propose a fully automated partitioned shape model s...

从MRI序列分析颅神经系统，如前视路（AVP），由于其细长的结构、沿路径的结构变异以及与相邻解剖结构的低对比度而具有挑战性。病理AVP（例如，伴有低级别胶质瘤）的分割带来了额外的挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种全自动的分区形状模型...

Analytical (closed-form) inversion schemes have been the standard approach for image reconstruction in optoacoustic tomography due to their fast reconstruction abilities and low memory requirements. Yet, the need for quantitative imaging and artifact reduction has led to the development of more accurate inversion approaches, which rely on accurate forward modeling of the optoacoustic wave generati...

解析（闭式）反演方案一直是光声断层成像中图像重建的标准方法，因为它们具有快速重建能力和低内存需求。然而，对于定量成像和伪影减少的需求促使了更精确的反演方法的发展，这些方法依赖于光声波生成的精确正向建模...

Simultaneous Multi-Slice (SMS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a rapidly evolving technique for increasing imaging speed. Controlled aliasing techniques utilize periodic undersampling patterns to help mitigate the loss in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in SMS MRI. To evaluate the performance of different undersampling patterns, a quantitative description of the image SNR loss is needed. Additiona...

同时多层（SMS）磁共振成像（MRI）是一种快速发展的成像加速技术。受控混叠技术利用周期性欠采样模式来帮助减轻SMS MRI中信噪比（SNR）的损失。为了评估不同欠采样模式的性能，需要对图像信噪比损失进行定量描述。另外...

The performance of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) degrades due to the turbidity of the skull that introduces attenuation and distortion of both laser and stimulated ultrasound. In this manuscript, we demonstrated that a newly developed skull optical clearing solution (SOCS) could enhance not only the transmittance of light, but also that of ultrasound in the skull in vitro. Thus the photoacoustic ...

由于颅骨的混浊性导致激光和激发超声的衰减和畸变，光声显微镜（PAM）的性能下降。在本文中，我们证明了一种新开发的颅骨光学透明溶液（SOCS）不仅能增强颅骨中光的透过率，还能增强超声的透过率（体外实验）。因此，光声...

A plethora of techniques for cardiac deformation imaging with 3D ultrasound, typically referred to as 3D speckle tracking techniques, are available from academia and industry. Although the benefits of single methods over alternative ones have been reported in separate publications, the intrinsic differences in the data and definitions used makes it hard to compare the relative performance of diffe...

来自学术界和工业界的多种用于三维超声心脏变形成像的技术，通常被称为3D斑点追踪技术。尽管在独立的出版物中已经报道了单一方法相对于其他方法的优势，但所使用数据和定义的内在差异使得比较不同方法的相对性能变得困难...

Fiber based fluorescence lifetime imaging has shown great potential for intraoperative diagnosis and guidance of surgical procedures. Here we describe a novel method addressing a significant challenge for the practical implementation of this technique, i.e., the real-time display of the quantified biochemical or functional tissue properties superimposed on the interrogated area. Specifically, an a...

基于光纤的荧光寿命成像在术中诊断和手术指导方面显示出了巨大潜力。本文描述了一种新方法，以解决该技术实际应用中的一个重大挑战，即将量化的生化或功能性组织特性实时显示在检测区域上。具体来说，一种...

Segmentation of the wrist bones in CT images has been frequently used in different clinical applications including arthritis evaluation, bone age assessment and image-guided interventions. The major challenges include non-uniformity and spongy textures of the bone tissue as well as narrow inter-bone spaces. In this work, we propose an automatic wrist bone segmentation technique for CT images based...

CT图像中腕骨的分割已广泛应用于不同的临床应用，包括关节炎评估、骨龄评估和图像引导干预。主要挑战包括骨组织的不均匀性和海绵状纹理以及狭窄的骨间间隙。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于统计腕部形状+姿态模型的CT图像自动腕骨分割技术。

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that has recently seen serious increase in the number of affected subjects. In the last decade, neuroimaging has been shown to be a useful tool to understand AD and its prodromal stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The majority of AD/MCI studies have focused on disease diagnosis, by formulating the p...

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性且不可逆的神经退行性疾病，近年来患者数量显著增加。在过去十年中，神经影像学已被证明是了解AD及其前驱阶段遗忘型轻度认知障碍（MCI）的有用工具。大多数AD/MCI研究通过公式化p...

We propose a unified Bayesian framework to detect both hyper- and hypo-active communities within whole-brain fMRI data. Specifically, our model identifies dense subgraphs that exhibit population-level differences in functional synchrony between a control and clinical group. We derive a variational EM algorithm to solve for the latent posterior distributions and parameter estimates, which subsequen...

我们提出了一个统一的贝叶斯框架来检测全脑fMRI数据中的超活跃和低活跃社区。具体来说，我们的模型识别出在对照组和临床组之间表现出群体水平功能同步差异的密集子图。我们推导了一种变分EM算法来求解潜在后验分布和参数估计，该算法后续...

In this paper, we consider combined TV denoising and diffusion tensor fitting in DTI using the affine-invariant Riemannian metric on the space of diffusion tensors. Instead of first fitting the diffusion tensors, and then denoising them, we define a suitable TV type energy functional which incorporates the measured DWIs (using an inverse problem setup) and which measures the nearness of neighborin...

在本文中，我们考虑在扩散张量成像中使用扩散张量空间上的仿射不变黎曼度量进行TV去噪和扩散张量拟合的联合处理。我们不先拟合扩散张量，然后对其进行去噪，而是定义一个合适的TV型能量泛函，该泛函结合了测量的DWI（使用逆问题设置）并度量邻居的接近度...

Photoacoustic (PA) images utilize pulsed lasers and ultrasound transducers to visualize targets with higher optical absorption than the surrounding medium. However, they are susceptible to acoustic clutter and background noise artifacts that obfuscate biomedical structures of interest. We investigated three spatial-angular compounding methods to improve PA image quality for biomedical applications...

光声（PA）图像利用脉冲激光和超声换能器来可视化光吸收高于周围介质的目标。然而，它们容易受到声杂波和背景噪声伪影的影响，这些伪影模糊了感兴趣的生物医学结构。我们研究了三种空间角度复合方法，以改善生物医学应用中PA图像的质量。

We present a methodology to recover the geometrical calibration of conventional X-ray settings with the help of an ordinary video camera and visible fiducials that are present in the scene. After calibration, equivalent points of interest can be easily identifiable with the help of the epipolar geometry. The same procedure also allows the measurement of real anatomic lengths and angles and obtains...

我们提出了一种方法，利用普通视频摄像机和场景中存在的可见基准点来恢复传统X射线设置的几何校准。校准后，借助极线几何可以轻松识别等效的兴趣点。同样的程序还可以测量真实的解剖长度和角度，并获得...

Ultra-high field MRI is an area of great interest for clinical research and basic science due to the increased signal-to-noise, spatial resolution and magnetic-susceptibility-based contrast. However, the fact that the electromagnetic wavelength in tissue is comparable to the relevant body dimensions means that the uniformity of the excitation field is much poorer than at lower field strengths. In ...

超高场MRI因其在信噪比、空间分辨率和磁化率对比度方面的显著提升，成为临床研究和基础科学极具兴趣的领域。然而，由于组织中的电磁波长与相关身体尺寸相当，激发场的均匀性远不如低场强下的表现。本文...

We present a generic method for automatic detection of abnormal regions in medical images as deviations from a normative data base. The algorithm decomposes an image, or more broadly a function defined on the image grid, into the superposition of a normal part and a residual term. A statistical model is constructed with regional sparse learning to represent normative anatomical variations among a ...

我们提出了一种通用方法，用于自动检测医学图像中的异常区域，作为与规范性数据库的偏差。该算法将图像（或者更广泛地说，定义在图像网格上的函数）分解为正常部分和残差项的叠加。通过区域稀疏学习构建统计模型，以表示规范性的解剖变异等。

Cryo-balloon catheters have attracted an increasing amount of interest in the medical community as they can reduce patient risk during left atrial pulmonary vein ablation procedures. As cryo-balloon catheters are not equipped with electrodes, they cannot be localized automatically by electro-anatomical mapping systems. As a consequence, X-ray fluoroscopy has remained an important means for guidanc...

冷冻球囊导管在医学界引起了越来越多的兴趣，因为它们可以降低左心房肺静脉消融手术中的患者风险。由于冷冻球囊导管未配备电极，因此无法通过电解剖标测系统自动定位。因此，X射线透视仍然是指导...的重要手段。

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Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

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Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

诚邀作者提交新的、未发表的稿件，以纳入本次征稿通知中描述的即将举行的活动。

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

诚邀潜在作者提交新的、未发表的手稿，以收录于本次征稿通知所述的即将举行的活动中。

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal.

这些说明为准备本刊论文提供了指南。为在本期刊上发表文章的作者提供信息。