Volume 35, Issue 11

The condition of the vascular network of human eye is an important diagnostic factor in ophthalmology. Its segmentation in fundus imaging is a nontrivial task due to variable size of vessels, relatively low contrast, and potential presence of pathologies like microaneurysms and hemorrhages. Many algorithms, both unsupervised and supervised, have been proposed for this purpose in the past. We propose a supervised segmentation technique that uses a deep neural network trained on a large (up to 400 \thinspace000) sample of examples preprocessed with global contrast normalization, zero-phase whitening, and augmented using geometric transformations and gamma corrections. Several variants of the method are considered, including structured prediction, where a network classifies multiple pixels simultaneously. When applied to standard benchmarks of fundus imaging, the DRIVE, STARE, and CHASE databases, the networks significantly outperform the previous algorithms on the area under ROC curve measure (up to > 0.99) and accuracy of classification (up to > 0.97). The method is also resistant to the phenomenon of central vessel reflex, sensitive in detection of fine vessels ( sensitivity > 0.87), and fares well on pathological cases.

人眼血管网络的状态是眼科诊断中的一个重要因素。由于血管大小不一、对比度相对较低以及可能存在微动脉瘤和出血等病理特征，眼底成像中的血管分割是一项具有挑战性的任务。过去已提出许多算法，包括无监督和有监督方法。我们提出了一种有监督分割技术，该技术使用在大量（多达400000个）样本上训练的深度神经网络，这些样本经过全局对比度归一化、零相位白化预处理，并通过几何变换和伽马校正进行数据增强。考虑了该方法的几种变体，包括结构化预测，其中网络同时分类多个像素。当应用于眼底成像的标准基准（DRIVE、STARE和CHASE数据库）时，该网络在ROC曲线下面积（高达>0.99）和分类准确性（高达>0.97）上显著优于先前的算法。该方法还对中心血管反射现象具有鲁棒性，对细小血管检测敏感（灵敏度>0.87），并且在病理情况下表现良好。

Variations in the shape and appearance of anatomical structures in medical images are often relevant radiological signs of disease. Automatic tools can help automate parts of this manual process. A cloud–based evaluation framework is presented in this paper including results of benchmarking current state–of–the–art medical imaging algorithms for anatomical structure segmentation and landmark detec...

医学图像中解剖结构的形状和外观变化通常是相关疾病的放射学征象。自动化工具可以帮助实现这一手动过程的部分自动化。本文提出了一种基于云的评估框架，包括对当前最先进的医学成像算法进行解剖结构分割和标志点检测的基准测试结果...

Intraoperative localization of target anatomy and critical structures defined in preoperative MR/CT images can be achieved through the use of multimodality deformable registration. We propose a symmetric diffeomorphic deformable registration algorithm incorporating a modality-independent neighborhood descriptor (MIND) and a robust Huber metric for MR-to-CT registration. The method, called MIND Dem...

术中通过多模态可变形配准可以实现对术前MR/CT图像中定义的目标解剖结构和关键结构的定位。我们提出了一种对称微分可变形配准算法，该算法结合了模态独立邻域描述子（MIND）和鲁棒的Huber度量，用于MR到CT的配准。该方法称为MIND Dem...

A Cartesian subsampling scheme is proposed incorporating the idea of PF acquisition and variable-density Poisson Disc (vdPD) subsampling by redistributing the sampling space onto a smaller region aiming to increase k-space sampling density for a given acceleration factor. Especially the normally sparse sampled high-frequency components benefit from this sampling redistribution, leading to improved...

提出一种笛卡尔子采样方案，结合了部分傅里叶采集和变密度泊松圆盘（vdPD）子采样的思想，通过将采样空间重新分布到更小的区域，旨在提高给定加速因子下的k空间采样密度。特别是通常稀疏采样的高频分量受益于这种采样重新分布，从而改善...

Estimation of optical absorption and scattering of a target is an inverse problem associated with quantitative photoacoustic tomography. Conventionally, the problem is expressed as two folded. First, images of initial pressure distribution created by absorption of a light pulse are formed based on acoustic boundary measurements. Then, the optical properties are determined based on these photoacous...

估计目标的光学吸收和散射是与定量光声断层成像相关的逆问题。传统上，该问题被表述为两个步骤。首先，基于声学边界测量形成由光脉冲吸收产生的初始压力分布图像。然后，根据这些光声...

Deep learning has shown great potential for curvilinear structure (e.g., retinal blood vessels and neurites) segmentation as demonstrated by a recent auto-context regression architecture based on filter banks learned by convolutional sparse coding. However, learning such filter banks is very time-consuming, thus limiting the amount of filters employed and the adaptation to other data sets (i.e., s...

深度学习最近在曲线结构（如视网膜血管和神经突）分割方面显示出巨大潜力，这由基于卷积稀疏编码学习滤波器组的自动上下文回归架构所证明。然而，学习这样的滤波器组非常耗时，因此限制了采用的滤波器数量以及对其他数据集（例如...）的适应性。

Ultrasound (US) imaging is the primary imaging modality for pediatric hydronephrosis, which manifests as the dilation of the renal collecting system (CS). In this paper, we present a new framework for the segmentation of renal structures, kidney and CS, from 3DUS scans. First, the kidney is segmented using an active shape model-based approach, tailored to deal with the challenges raised by US imag...

超声（US）成像是儿童肾积水的主要成像方式，肾积水表现为肾集合系统（CS）的扩张。本文提出了一种新的框架，用于从3DUS扫描中分割肾脏结构（肾脏和CS）。首先，采用基于主动形状模型的方法分割肾脏，该方法针对US成像带来的挑战进行了定制。

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging technology in the field of (pre)clinical imaging. The acquisition of a particle signal is realized along specific sampling trajectories covering a defined field of view (FOV). In a system matrix (SM) based reconstruction procedure, the commonly used acquisition path in MPI is a Lissajous trajectory. Such a trajectory features an inhomogeneous coverage...

磁粒子成像（MPI）是（临床前）成像领域的一项新兴技术。粒子信号的采集沿着覆盖特定视场（FOV）的特定采样轨迹进行。在基于系统矩阵（SM）的重建过程中，MPI中常用的采集路径是利萨如轨迹。这种轨迹具有不均匀的覆盖特性...

We propose a data-driven method for extracting a respiratory surrogate signal from SPECT list-mode data. The approach is based on dimensionality reduction with Laplacian Eigenmaps. By setting a scale parameter adaptively and adding a series of post-processing steps to correct polarity and normalization between projections, we enable fully-automatic operation and deliver a respiratory surrogate sig...

我们提出了一种数据驱动的方法，用于从SPECT列表模式数据中提取呼吸替代信号。该方法基于拉普拉斯特征映射的降维技术。通过自适应设置尺度参数并添加一系列后处理步骤来校正投影之间的极性和归一化，我们实现了全自动操作，并提供了呼吸替代信号。

Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging has enabled the real-time observation of perfusion and metabolism in vivo. These experiments typically aim to distinguish between healthy and diseased tissues based on the rate at which they metabolize an injected substrate. However, existing approaches to optimizing flip angle sequences for these experiments have focused on indirect metrics of t...

超极化碳-13磁共振成像实现了体内灌注和代谢的实时观察。这些实验通常旨在根据注入底物的代谢速率来区分健康和病变组织。然而，现有的用于优化这些实验的翻转角序列的方法集中在间接度量...

Cardiac myofibre deformation is an important determinant of the mechanical function of the heart. Quantification of myofibre strain relies on 3D measurements of ventricular wall motion interpreted with respect to the tissue microstructure. In this study, we estimated in vivo myofibre strain using 3D structural and functional atlases of the human heart. A finite element modelling framework was deve...

心肌纤维变形是心脏机械功能的重要决定因素。肌纤维应变的量化依赖于对心室壁运动的3D测量，并结合组织微结构进行解释。在本研究中，我们利用人体心脏的3D结构和功能图谱估计了在体肌纤维应变。一个有限元建模框架被开发...

In a scintillation detector, the light generated in the scintillator by a gamma interaction is converted to photoelectrons by a photodetector and produces a time-dependent waveform, the shape of which depends on the scintillator properties and the photodetector response. Several depth-of-interaction (DOI) encoding strategies have been developed that manipulate the scintillator's temporal response ...

在闪烁探测器中，伽马射线与闪烁体相互作用产生的光由光电探测器转换为光电子，并产生随时间变化的波形，其形状取决于闪烁体特性和光电探测器响应。已经开发了几种深度交互（DOI）编码策略，这些策略通过操控闪烁体的时间响应...

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

诚邀作者提交新的未发表稿件，以供本次会议论文征集所述即将举行的活动使用。

Describes the above-named upcoming special issue or section. May include topics to be covered or calls for papers.

描述上述即将出版的专刊或专栏。可能包括涵盖的主题或征稿通知。

Provides instructions and guidelines to prospective authors who wish to submit manuscripts.

为有意投稿的作者提供说明和指南。

Describes the above-named upcoming special issue or section. May include topics to be covered or calls for papers.

描述上述即将出版的特刊或专栏。可能包括涵盖的主题或征稿启事。

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

介绍本期出版物的目录。

Describes the above-named upcoming special issue or section. May include topics to be covered or calls for papers.

描述上述即将出版的特刊或专题。可能包括涵盖的主题或征稿启事。

Provides a listing of current staff, committee members and society officers.

提供当前工作人员、委员会成员和学会官员的列表。