Volume 37, Issue 7

Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that leads to irreversible vision loss. The cup to disc ratio (CDR) plays an important role in the screening and diagnosis of glaucoma. Thus, the accurate and automatic segmentation of optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) from fundus images is a fundamental task. Most existing methods segment them separately, and rely on hand-crafted visual feature from fundus images. In this paper, we propose a deep learning architecture, named M-Net, which solves the OD and OC segmentation jointly in a one-stage multi-label system. The proposed M-Net mainly consists of multi-scale input layer, U-shape convolutional network, side-output layer, and multi-label loss function. The multi-scale input layer constructs an image pyramid to achieve multiple level receptive field sizes. The U-shape convolutional network is employed as the main body network structure to learn the rich hierarchical representation, while the side-output layer acts as an early classifier that produces a companion local prediction map for different scale layers. Finally, a multi-label loss function is proposed to generate the final segmentation map. For improving the segmentation performance further, we also introduce the polar transformation, which provides the representation of the original image in the polar coordinate system. The experiments show that our M-Net system achieves state-of-the-art OD and OC segmentation result on ORIGA data set. Simultaneously, the proposed method also obtains the satisfactory glaucoma screening performances with calculated CDR value on both ORIGA and SCES datasets.

青光眼是一种导致不可逆视力丧失的慢性眼病。杯盘比（CDR）在青光眼的筛查和诊断中起着重要作用。因此，从眼底图像中准确自动地分割视盘（OD）和视杯（OC）是一项基本任务。现有的大多数方法分别分割它们，并依赖于从眼底图像中手工设计的视觉特征。在本文中，我们提出了一种深度学习架构，名为M-Net，它在单阶段多标签系统中联合解决OD和OC分割问题。所提出的M-Net主要包括多尺度输入层、U形卷积网络、侧输出层和多标签损失函数。多尺度输入层构建图像金字塔以实现多个水平的感受野尺寸。U形卷积网络被用作主体网络结构来学习丰富的层次表示，而侧输出层作为一个早期分类器，为不同尺度层产生伴随的局部预测图。最后，提出多标签损失函数以生成最终分割图。为了进一步提高分割性能，我们还引入了极坐标变换，它提供了原始图像在极坐标系中的表示。实验表明，我们的M-Net系统在ORIGA数据集上达到了最先进的OD和OC分割结果。同时，所提出的方法在ORIGA和SCES数据集上计算出的CDR值也获得了令人满意的青光眼筛查性能。

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance for automatic medical image segmentation. However, they have not demonstrated sufficiently accurate and robust results for clinical use. In addition, they are limited by the lack of image-specific adaptation and the lack of generalizability to previously unseen object classes (a.k.a. zero-shot learning). To address the...

卷积神经网络（CNN）在自动医学图像分割方面取得了最先进的性能。然而，它们尚未在临床应用中展现出足够准确和稳健的结果。此外，它们还受限于缺乏图像特定的适应性以及对先前未见过的对象类别（即零样本学习）缺乏泛化能力。为了解决这些问题...

Singular value decomposition of ultrafast imaging ultrasonic data sets has recently been shown to build a vector basis far more adapted to the discrimination of tissue and blood flow than the classical Fourier basis, improving by large factor clutter filtering and blood flow estimation. However, the question of optimally estimating the boundary between the tissue subspace and the blood flow subspa...

近期研究表明，超快成像超声数据集的奇异值分解能够构建一个比经典傅里叶基更适用于区分组织和血流的向量基，从而大幅提高杂波滤波和血流估计的效果。然而，如何最优地估计组织子空间与血流子空间之间的边界仍是一个问题...

Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (tfMRI) has been widely used to study functional brain networks under task performance. Modeling tfMRI data is challenging due to at least two problems: the lack of the ground truth of underlying neural activity and the highly complex intrinsic structure of tfMRI data. To better understand brain networks based on fMRI data, data-driven approaches ha...

基于任务的功能磁共振成像（tfMRI）已被广泛用于研究任务执行下的功能性脑网络。由于至少两个问题，对tfMRI数据进行建模具有挑战性：缺乏潜在神经活动的真实数据以及tfMRI数据高度复杂的内部结构。为了更好地理解基于fMRI数据的脑网络，数据驱动的方法已经...

Histopathological image classification (HIC) and content-based histopathological image retrieval (CBHIR) are two promising applications for the histopathological whole slide image (WSI) analysis. HIC can efficiently predict the type of lesion involved in a histopathological image. In general, HIC can aid pathologists in locating high-risk cancer regions from a WSI by providing a cancerous probabil...

组织病理学图像分类（HIC）和基于内容的组织病理学图像检索（CBHIR）是组织病理学全切片图像（WSI）分析的两种有前景的应用。HIC可以高效预测组织病理学图像中涉及的病变类型。通常，HIC可以通过提供癌变概率来帮助病理学家从WSI中定位高风险癌区域...

Brain connectivity networks based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or functional MRI (fMRI) data provide a straightforward way to quantify the structural or functional systems of the brain. Currently, there are several network descriptors developed for representing and analyzing brain connectivity networks. However, most of them are designed for unweighted networks, regardless of the valuable w...

基于磁共振成像（MRI）或功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据的脑连接网络提供了量化大脑结构或功能系统的直接方法。目前，已有多种网络描述符用于表示和分析脑连接网络。然而，大多数描述符都是为无权网络设计的，忽略了有价值的权重信息…

When analyzing brain tumors, two tasks are intrinsically linked, spatial localization, and physiological characterization of the lesioned tissues. Automated data-driven solutions exist, based on image segmentation techniques or physiological parameters analysis, but for each task separately, the other being performed manually or with user tuning operations. In this paper, the availability of quant...

在分析脑肿瘤时，两个任务本质上是相互关联的：病变组织的空间定位和生理学表征。基于图像分割技术或生理参数分析，存在自动化的数据驱动解决方案，但每个任务都是分开的，另一个需要手动或用户调整操作。在本文中，量化数据的可用性...

The feasibility of ultrasonic Nakagami imaging to evaluate thermal lesions by high-intensity focused ultrasound and microwave ablation was explored in ex vivo and in vivo liver models. Dynamic changes of the ultrasonic Nakagami parameter in thermal lesions were calculated, and ultrasonic B-mode and Nakagami images were reconstructed simultaneously. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between thermal...

在离体和在体肝脏模型中，探索了利用超声Nakagami成像评估高强度聚焦超声和微波消融产生的热损伤的可行性。计算了热损伤中超声Nakagami参数的动态变化，并同时重建了超声B模式和Nakagami图像。计算了热损伤与周围组织之间的对比噪声比（CNR）。

In recent years, driven by scientific and clinical concerns, there has been an increased interest in the analysis of functional brain networks. The goal of these analyses is to better understand how brain regions interact, how this depends upon experimental conditions and behavioral measures and how anomalies (disease) can be recognized. In this paper, we provide, first, a brief review of some of ...

近年来，在科学和临床关注的推动下，对功能性脑网络的分析越来越受到关注。这些分析的目的是更好地理解大脑区域如何相互作用，这如何依赖于实验条件和行为测量，以及如何识别异常（疾病）。在本文中，我们首先简要回顾了一些...

Metopic craniosynostosis is a condition caused by the premature fusion of the metopic cranial suture. If untreated, it can result into brain growth restriction, increased intra-cranial pressure, visual impairment, and cognitive delay. Fronto-orbital advancement is the widely accepted surgical approach to correct cranial shape abnormalities in patients with metopic craniosynostosis, but the outcome...

额缝早闭是一种由额缝过早融合引起的疾病。如果不治疗，可能导致大脑生长受限、颅内压增高、视力障碍和认知延迟。额眶前移是矫正额缝早闭患者颅骨形状异常的广泛接受的手术方法，但结果...

Intravascular polarimetry with polarization sensitive optical frequency domain imaging (PS-OFDI) measures polarization properties of the vessel wall and offers characterization of coronary atherosclerotic lesions beyond the cross-sectional image of arterial microstructure available to conventional OFDI. A previous study of intravascular polarimetry in cadaveric human coronary arteries found that t...

血管内偏振测量结合偏振敏感光学频域成像（PS-OFDI）可测量血管壁的偏振特性，并对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变进行表征，超越了传统OFDI提供的动脉微结构横截面图像。先前在人类尸体冠状动脉中进行的一项血管内偏振测量研究发现，...

A proper geometric representation of the cortical regions is a fundamental task for cortical shape analysis and landmark extraction. However, a significant challenge has arisen due to the highly variable, convoluted cortical folding patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel topological graph representation for automatic sulcal curve extraction (TRACE). In practice, the reconstructed surface suff...

皮质区域的适当几何表示是皮质形状分析和标志提取的基本任务。然而，由于高度可变、复杂的皮质折叠模式，出现了一个重大挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种用于自动脑沟曲线提取的新型拓扑图表示（TRACE）。实际上，重建的表面足以...

Sodium (23Na) MRI provides complementary cellular and metabolic information. However, the intrinsic MR sensitivity of 23Na is considerably lower compared with that of the proton, making it difficult to measure MR-detectable sodium signals. It is therefore important to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sodium signal as high as possible. Double-tuned coils are often employed in combina...

钠（23Na）MRI提供了互补的细胞和代谢信息。然而，23Na的固有MR灵敏度远低于质子，这使得测量MR可检测的钠信号变得困难。因此，保持钠信号的信噪比尽可能高非常重要。双调谐线圈常用于结合...

Cardiac X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging is still challenging due to the cardiac motion during CT scanning, which leads to the presence of motion artifacts in the reconstructed image. In response, many cardiac X-ray CT imaging algorithms have been proposed, based on motion estimation (ME) and motion compensation (MC), to improve the image quality by alleviating the motion artifacts in the re...

心脏X射线计算机断层扫描（CT）成像仍然具有挑战性，因为CT扫描期间的心脏运动会导致重建图像中出现运动伪影。为此，许多基于运动估计（ME）和运动补偿（MC）的心脏X射线CT成像算法被提出，通过减轻运动伪影来提高图像质量。

The RF receive coil array has become increasingly vital in current MR imaging practice due to its extended spatial coverage, maintained high SNR, and improved capability of accelerating data acquisition. The performance of a coil array is intrinsically determined by the current patterns generated in coil elements as well as by the induced electromagnetic fields inside the object. Investigations of...

射频接收线圈阵列因其扩展的空间覆盖范围、保持高信噪比以及加速数据采集的能力，在当前磁共振成像实践中变得日益重要。线圈阵列的性能本质上由线圈元件中产生的电流模式以及物体内部感应的电磁场决定。研究...

In this paper, induced current magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (ICMREIT) by means of current induction due to time-varying gradient fields of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems is proposed. Eddy current and secondary magnetic flux density distributions are calculated for a numerical model composed of a z-gradient coil and a cylindrical conductor. An MRI pulse sequence is d...

本文提出了一种利用磁共振成像（MRI）系统时变梯度场感应电流的感应电流磁电阻抗成像（ICMREIT）方法。针对由z梯度线圈和圆柱导体组成的数值模型，计算了涡流和二次磁通密度分布。MRI脉冲序列被...

In this paper, we propose a new 3-D dual-echo method for simultaneous multislab time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF MRA) and single-slab susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). The previous echo-specific k-space reordering scheme for compatible dual-echo arteriovenography (CODEA) was advanced to applying excitation RF pulses for multiple thin slabs and a single thick slab to the first (TOF MRA) and ...

本文提出了一种新的三维双回波方法，用于同时进行多层块时间飞跃法MR血管成像（TOF MRA）和单层块磁敏感加权成像（SWI）。先前用于兼容双回波动静脉成像（CODEA）的回波特异性k空间重排方案被推进，以对第一个（TOF MRA）和...

We present a novel and efficient approach for robust estimation of displacement in real-time strain imaging for freehand ultrasound elastography by utilizing pre- and post-deformation ultrasound images. We define a quality factor for image lines and find the line with the highest value of quality factor to serve as the seed line for generating the displacement map. We also develop an analytical fr...

我们提出了一种新颖且高效的方法，用于在自由手超声弹性成像的实时应变成像中鲁棒地估计位移，该方法利用变形前后的超声图像。我们为图像线定义了一个质量因子，并找到具有最高质量因子值的线作为生成位移图的种子线。我们还开发了一个分析框架...

The correct affiliation for Yuan Gao, Kun Wang, and Jie Tian is as follows:

袁媛、王坤和田捷的正确所属单位如下：

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

介绍本期出版物的编辑委员会、理事会、现任工作人员、委员会成员和/或学会编辑名单。

Describes the above-named upcoming conference event. May include topics to be covered or calls for papers.

描述了上述即将举行的会议活动。可能包括涵盖的主题或征文通知。

Describes the above-named upcoming conference event. May include topics to be covered or calls for papers.

描述上述即将举行的会议活动。可能包括将涵盖的主题或征文通知。

Describes the above-named upcoming conference event. May include topics to be covered or calls for papers.

描述上述即将举行的会议活动。可能包括涵盖的主题或论文征集。

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal.

这些指南为在本刊物撰写论文提供了指导。为向本期刊投稿的作者提供信息。

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

提供本期出版物的目录。