Volume 39, Issue 10

Accurate and automatic segmentation of medical images is a crucial step for clinical diagnosis and analysis. The convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches based on the U-shape structure have achieved remarkable performances in many different medical image segmentation tasks. However, the context information extraction capability of single stage is insufficient in this structure, due to the problems such as imbalanced class and blurred boundary. In this paper, we propose a novel Context Pyramid Fusion Network (named CPFNet) by combining two pyramidal modules to fuse global/multi-scale context information. Based on the U-shape structure, we first design multiple global pyramid guidance (GPG) modules between the encoder and the decoder, aiming at providing different levels of global context information for the decoder by reconstructing skip-connection. We further design a scale-aware pyramid fusion (SAPF) module to dynamically fuse multi-scale context information in high-level features. These two pyramidal modules can exploit and fuse rich context information progressively. Experimental results show that our proposed method is very competitive with other state-of-the-art methods on four different challenging tasks, including skin lesion segmentation, retinal linear lesion segmentation, multi-class segmentation of thoracic organs at risk and multi-class segmentation of retinal edema lesions.

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Automatic Non-rigid Histological Image Registration (ANHIR) challenge was organized to compare the performance of image registration algorithms on several kinds of microscopy histology images in a fair and independent manner. We have assembled 8 datasets, containing 355 images with 18 different stains, resulting in 481 image pairs to be registered. Registration accuracy was evaluated using manuall...

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By localizing microbubbles (MBs) in the vasculature, ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) has recently been proposed, which greatly improves the spatial resolution of ultrasound (US) imaging and will be helpful for clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, several challenges remain in fast ULM imaging. The main problems are that current localization methods used to implement fast ULM imaging, e.g., a ...

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The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) reflects functional activity of brain regions by blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signals. Up to now, many computer-aided diagnosis methods based on rs-fMRI have been developed for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). These methods are mostly the binary classification approaches to determine whether a subject is an ASD patient or not....

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Breast arterial calcifications (BACs) are part of several benign findings present on some mammograms. Previous studies have indicated that BAC may provide evidence of general atherosclerotic vascular disease, and potentially be a useful marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, there is no technique in use for the automatic detection of BAC in mammograms. Since a majority of women over th...

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A shift of paradigm is currently underway in biomedical ultrasound thanks to plane or diverging waves coherent compounding for faster imaging. One remaining challenge consists in handling phase and amplitude aberrations induced during the ultrasonic propagation through complex layers. Unlike conventional line-per-line imaging, ultrafast ultrasound provides backscattering information from the whole...

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The impulse response of optoacoustic (photoacoustic) tomographic imaging system depends on several system components, the characteristics of which can influence the quality of reconstructed images. The effect of these system components on reconstruction quality have not been considered in detail so far. Here we combine sparse measurements of the total impulse response (TIR) with a geometric acoust...

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Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a highly sensitive and noninvasive imaging modality for three-dimensional visualization of fluorescence probe distribution in small animals. However, the simplified photon propagation model and ill-posed inverse problem limit the improvement of FMT reconstruction. In this work, we proposed a novel K-nearest neighbor based locally connected (KNN-LC) networ...

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Multi-echo saturation recovery sequence can provide redundant information to synthesize multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Traditional synthesis methods, such as GE’s MAGiC platform, employ a model-fitting approach to generate parameter-weighted contrasts. However, models’ over-simplification, as well as imperfections in the acquisition, can lead to undesirable reconstruction artifacts, es...

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There is clinical evidence that suppressing the bone structures in Chest X-rays (CXRs) improves diagnostic value, either for radiologists or computer-aided diagnosis. However, bone-free CXRs are not always accessible. We hereby propose a coarse-to-fine CXR bone suppression approach by using structural priors derived from unpaired computed tomography (CT) images. In the low-resolution stage, we use...

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Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) is a promising imaging tool for obtaining three-dimensional (3D) non-invasive visualization of the in vivo distribution of radiopharmaceuticals. However, the reconstruction performance remains unsatisfactory for biomedical applications because the inverse problem of CLT is severely ill-conditioned and intractable. In this study, therefore, a novel non-negativ...

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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is time-consuming and error-prone. To ease the patient's burden and to increase the efficiency and robustness of cardiac exams, interest in methods based on continuous steady-state acquisition and self-gating has been growing in recent years. Self-gating methods extract the cardiac and respiratory signals from the measurement data and then retrospectively s...

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Minimally invasive procedures rely on image guidance for navigation at the operation site to avoid large surgical incisions. X-ray images are often used for guidance, but important structures may be not well visible. These structures can be overlaid from pre-operative 3-D images and accurate alignment can be established using 2-D/3-D registration. Registration based on the point-to-plane correspon...

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Application of optical clearing of biological tissue in humans in vivo is challenging due to toxicity of chemical agents, long processing time (≥30 min), and moderate (1.3-1.5-fold) imaging depth improvement. Here, we introduce novel, robust, and rapid ultrasound-based optical clearing of human skin without chemical agents that provides dramatic (up to 10-fold) reducing processing time down to 2–5...

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Ultrasound molecular imaging (UMI) is enabled by targeted microbubbles (MBs), which are highly reflective ultrasound contrast agents that bind to specific biomarkers. Distinguishing between adherent MBs and background signals can be challenging in vivo. The preferred preclinical technique is differential targeted enhancement (DTE), wherein a strong acoustic pulse is used to destroy MBs to verify t...

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PCa is a disease with a wide range of tissue patterns and this adds to its classification difficulty. Moreover, the data source heterogeneity, i.e. inconsistent data collected using different machines, under different conditions, by different operators, from patients of different ethnic groups, etc., further hinders the effectiveness of training a generalized PCa classifier. In this paper, for the...

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Quantitative photoacoustic tomography aims at estimating optical parameters from photoacoustic images that are formed utilizing the photoacoustic effect caused by the absorption of an externally introduced light pulse. This optical parameter estimation is an ill-posed inverse problem, and thus it is sensitive to measurement and modeling errors. In this work, we propose a novel way to solve the inv...

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Photon-counting spectral computed tomography (CT) is capable of material characterization and can improve diagnostic performance over traditional clinical CT. However, it suffers from photon count starving for each individual energy channel which may cause severe artifacts in the reconstructed images. Furthermore, since the images in different energy channels describe the same object, there are hi...

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Histopathological image analysis is a challenging task due to a diverse histology feature set as well as due to the presence of large non-informative regions in whole slide images. In this paper, we propose a multiple-instance learning (MIL) method for image-level classification as well as for annotating relevant regions in the image. In MIL, a common assumption is that negative bags contain only ...

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The birdcage Radio Frequency (RF) coil is one of the most used configurations in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners for the detection of the proton (1H) signal over a large homogeneous volume. More recently, birdcage RF coils have been successfully used also in the field of X-nuclei MRI, where the signal of a second nucleus (e.g. 13C, 23Na, 31P, and many others) needs to be detected with hi...

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The recently developed optoacoustic tomography systems have attained volumetric frame rates exceeding 100 Hz, thus opening up new venues for studying previously invisible biological dynamics. Further gains in temporal resolution can potentially be achieved via partial data acquisition, though a priori knowledge on the acquired data is essential for rendering accurate reconstructions using compress...

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Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) thermal ablation is a noninvasive functional neurosurgery technique. Previous reports have shown that damage in the skull bone marrow can occur at high acoustic energies. While this damage is asymptomatic, it would be desirable to avoid it. Here we examined whether acoustic and thermal simulations can predict where the thermal lesions in the ma...

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This work introduces an innovative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technology that incorporates radiofrequency (RF) coil(s) with permittivity-tunable ultrahigh dielectric constant (tuHDC) ceramics to significantly improve RF coil transmission and reception efficiencies, MR imaging sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The tuHDC ceramics made of composite barium strontium titanate (BST) comp...

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Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation is the most effective treatment for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, a condition affecting twin pregnancies in which there is a deregulation of blood circulation through the placenta, that can be fatal to both babies. For the purposes of surgical planning, we design the first automatic approach to detect and segment the intrauterine cavity from axial, sagittal a...

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