Volume 39, Issue 11

During the first years of life, the human brain undergoes dynamic spatially-heterogeneous changes, invo- lving differentiation of neuronal types, dendritic arbori- zation, axonal ingrowth, outgrowth and retraction, synaptogenesis, and myelination. To better quantify these changes, this article presents a method for probing tissue microarchitecture by characterizing water diffusion in a spectrum of...

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Fast and automated image quality assessment (IQA) of diffusion MR images is crucial for making timely decisions for rescans. However, learning a model for this task is challenging as the number of annotated data is limited and the annotation labels might not always be correct. As a remedy, we will introduce in this paper an automatic image quality assessment (IQA) method based on hierarchical non-...

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A novel technique, called augmented whole-body scanning via magnifying PET (AWSM-PET), that improves the sensitivity and lesion detectability of a PET scanner for whole-body imaging is proposed and evaluated. A Siemens Biograph Vision PET/CT scanner equipped with one or two high-resolution panel-detectors was simulated to study the effectiveness of AWSM-PET technology. The detector panels are loca...

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Magnetic particle imaging is a tracer based imaging technique to determine the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a high spatial and temporal resolution. Due to physiological constraints, the imaging volume is restricted in size and larger volumes are covered by shifting object and imaging volume relative to each other. This results in reduced temporal resoluti...

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When more than two elemental materials are present in a given object, material quantification may not be robust and accurate when the routine two-material decomposition scheme in current dual energy CT imaging is employed. In this work, we present an innovative scheme to accomplish accurate three-material decomposition with measurements from a dual energy differential phase contrast CT (DE-DPC-CT)...

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Conebeam CT using a circular trajectory is quite often used for various applications due to its relative simple geometry. For conebeam geometry, Feldkamp, Davis and Kress algorithm is regarded as the standard reconstruction method, but this algorithm suffers from so-called conebeam artifacts as the cone angle increases. Various model-based iterative reconstruction methods have been developed to re...

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MR-STAT is a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging framework for obtaining multi-parametric quantitative tissue parameter maps using data from single short scans. A large-scale optimization problem is solved in which spatial localization of signal and estimation of tissue parameters are performed simultaneously by directly fitting a Bloch-based volumetric signal model to measured time-domain dat...

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Elevated umbilical artery pulsatility is a widely used biomarker for placental pathology leading to intra-uterine growth restriction and, in severe cases, still-birth. It has been hypothesized that placental pathology modifies umbilical artery pulsatility by altering the degree to which the pulse pressure wave, which originates from the fetal heart, is reflected from the placental vasculature to i...

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In this project, our goal is to develop a method for interpreting how a neural network makes layer-by-layer embedded decisions when trained for a classification task, and also to use this insight for improving the model performance. To do this, we first approximate the distribution of the image representations in these embeddings using random forest models, the output of which, termed embedding ou...

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In tomographic imaging, anatomical structures are reconstructed by applying a pseudo-inverse forward model to acquired signals. Geometric information within this process is usually depending on the system setting only, i.e., the scanner position or readout direction. Patient motion therefore corrupts the geometry alignment in the reconstruction process resulting in motion artifacts. We propose an ...

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X-ray imaging is a wide-spread real-time imaging technique. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers a multitude of contrasts that offer improved guidance to interventionalists. As such simultaneous real-time acquisition and overlay would be highly favorable for image-guided interventions, e.g., in stroke therapy. One major obstacle in this setting is the fundamentally different acquisition geometr...

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Although Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is widely used to examine brain function in adults, the need for general anesthesia limits its practical utility in infants and small children. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy – Diffuse Optical Tomography (fNIRS-DOT) imaging promises to be an alternative brain network imaging technique. Yet current versions of continuous...

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Human brain development is a complex and dynamic process caused by several factors such as genetics, sex hormones, and environmental changes. A number of recent studies on brain development have examined functional connectivity (FC) defined by the temporal correlation between time series of different brain regions. We propose to add the directional flow of information during brain maturation. To d...

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Anatomical and quantum noise inhibits detection of malignancies in clinical images such as in digital mammography (DM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and breast CT (bCT). In this work, we examine the relative influence and interactions of these two types of noise on the task of low contrast mass detectability in DBT. We show how the changing levels of quantum noise contributes to the estimate...

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Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is characterized by an unbalanced blood transfer through placental abnormal vascular connections. Prenatal ultrasound (US) is the imaging technique to monitor monochorionic pregnancies and diagnose TTTS. Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation is an elective treatment to coagulate placental communications between both twins. To locate the anomalous connections ah...

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Photon counting computed tomography (PCCT) has the ability to identify individual photons, resulting in quantitative material identification. Meanwhile, several technical challenges still exist in current PCCT imaging systems, including increased noise and suboptimal bin selection. These nonideal effects can substantially degrade the reconstruction performance and material estimation accuracy. To ...

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Transrectal electrical impedance tomography (TREIT) is a novel imaging modality being developed for prostate biopsy guidance and cancer characterization. We describe a novel fused-data TREIT (fd-TREIT) system and approach developed to improve imaging robustness and evaluate it on challenging clinically-representative phantoms. The new approach incorporates 8 electrodes (in 2 rows) on a biopsy prob...

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In a low-statistics PET imaging context, the positive bias in regions of low activity is a burning issue. To overcome this problem, algorithms without the built-in non-negativity constraint may be used. They allow negative voxels in the image to reduce, or even to cancel the bias. However, such algorithms increase the variance and are difficult to interpret since the resulting images contain negat...

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In the above article [1], there were two errors in the printed article that the authors want to correct.

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Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

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These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal.

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Advertisement: TechRxiv is a free preprint server for unpublished research in electrical engineering, computer science, and related technology. TechRxiv provides researchers the opportunity to share early results of their work ahead of formal peer review and publication. Benefits: Rapidly disseminate your research findings; Gather feedback from fellow researchers; Find potential collaborators in t...

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